This code snippet exposes a small edge case in lib2to3, where syntactically invalid code is generated:

data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
x = filter(lambda x: True if x > 2 else False, data)
print(x)


lib2to3 transforms 2nd line above to:
x = [x for x in data if True if x > 2 else False]


which is invalid (would be OK with parentheses after 1st 'if')

Admittedly, the original code here is more complex that it should be ('True if foo else False' being equivalent to just 'foo'), but walked into this in "the real world" and wanted to report it.

I can reproduce on the latest master branch.

./python Tools/scripts/2to3 2.py
RefactoringTool: Skipping optional fixer: buffer
RefactoringTool: Skipping optional fixer: idioms
RefactoringTool: Skipping optional fixer: set_literal
RefactoringTool: Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
RefactoringTool: Refactored 2.py
--- 2.py	(original)
+++ 2.py	(refactored)
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
-x = filter(lambda x: True if x > 2 else False, data)
+x = [x for x in data if True if x > 2 else False]
 print(x)
RefactoringTool: Files that need to be modified:
RefactoringTool: 2.py

Dear core developers,

I 'd like to discuss fixing this issue.
IMHO, There are 2 options to fix this issue.

1. Add parenthesize when creating ListComp.
The change will be as follow:
             new = ListComp(results.get("fp").clone(),
                            results.get("fp").clone(),
                            results.get("it").clone(),
-                           results.get("xp").clone())
+                           parenthesize(results.get("xp").clone()))

But generated codes are not pretty.

2. Transform the lambda function as same as a normal function.
The only needed is removing lambda specific logics on fixer.

The generated code will be like this in this case.
x = filter(lambda x: True if x > 2 else False, data)
x = list(filter(lambda x: True if x > 2 else False, data))

Personally, I prefer the 2nd option because it's more clear.
If the proposal is accepted, I 'd like to fix this issue. 

If there are any ideas, please let me know.
Thank you always!

New changeset b821173b5458d137c8d5edb6e9b4997aac800a38 by Victor Stinner (Dong-hee Na) in branch 'master':
bpo-38871: Fix lib2to3 for filter-based statements that contain lambda (GH-17780)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/b821173b5458d137c8d5edb6e9b4997aac800a38

Thanks Zoran Simic to the bug report, and thanks Dong-hee Na for fixing it.

It's fixed in the master branch and backports to 3.7 and 3.8 will land as soon as the CI tests pass.

New changeset 535a3c4e3da2f0076bd62f04fb2cc44999fc2419 by Miss Islington (bot) in branch '3.7':
bpo-38871: Fix lib2to3 for filter-based statements that contain lambda (GH-17780)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/535a3c4e3da2f0076bd62f04fb2cc44999fc2419

New changeset 39a5c889d30d03a88102e56f03ee0c95db198fb3 by Miss Islington (bot) in branch '3.8':
bpo-38871: Fix lib2to3 for filter-based statements that contain lambda (GH-17780)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/39a5c889d30d03a88102e56f03ee0c95db198fb3