Excerpt from the documentation:

"""This is a straightforward interface to the Unix select() system call. The first three arguments are sequences of ‘waitable objects’: either integers representing file descriptors or objects with a parameterless method named fileno() returning such an integer:"""

In reality it accepts for example dictionary key views (that's how I discovered it) due to its internal usage of PySequence_Fast, which (from https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/sequence.html#c.PySequence_Fast):

"""Return the sequence or iterable o as an object usable by the other PySequence_Fast* family of functions. If the object is not a sequence or iterable, raises TypeError with m as the message text. Returns NULL on failure."""

I made a pull request to document this behavior in select (https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/16832) but it was recommended that I create this issue because the solution may not be obvious here.

It seems that select() does indeed support arbitrary iterables through the use of PySequence_Fast().

The commit where this was introduced, by Brett Cannon from 2003 (62dba4c2775adfb5a5a97ca012a3ab00c4e28597), doesn't seems to have intended this though: "select.select() now accepts a sequence (as defined by PySequence_Fast()) for its first three arguments."

However, regardless of whether this is intentional, it appears that this has been this way for a very long time. So it seems to me that we should document this behavior, as suggested here, since any change to this would be an unacceptable backwards-incompatibility.

It seems pretty clear to me that we should simply update the docs as suggested.

If nobody chimes in about this within a week, I intend to merge the PR (GH-16832) with the small fixes I've suggested there.

Hey Tal, I see this issue is pending and pretty much done, what else there's to fix here?

New changeset 372ee27d4958302dac7ad6a8711f6fd04771b2e6 by Jakub Stasiak in branch 'master':
bpo-38580: Document that select() accepts iterables, not just sequences (GH-16832)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/372ee27d4958302dac7ad6a8711f6fd04771b2e6

Nothing further is required; I've merged the PR. Thanks!

New changeset 3f215f35bdb9d666f5a692fc60f800da1bb1e4a9 by Tal Einat in branch '3.7':
[3.7] bpo-38580: Document that select() accepts iterables, not just sequences (GH-16832)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/3f215f35bdb9d666f5a692fc60f800da1bb1e4a9

New changeset e3e800f3d28881cc9de38cd9bcbcf8fbdea238a6 by Tal Einat in branch '3.8':
[3.8] bpo-38580: Document that select() accepts iterables, not just sequences (GH-16832)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/e3e800f3d28881cc9de38cd9bcbcf8fbdea238a6

New changeset 500cd89ecce97750a1af32d4097d9945b7296bac by Miss Islington (bot) in branch '3.9':
bpo-38580: Document that select() accepts iterables, not just sequences (GH-16832)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/500cd89ecce97750a1af32d4097d9945b7296bac

Cheers for backporting this, Tal, you beat me to it!