An io.BUfferedReader object has an (inherited) writable method that returns False.  io.IOBase states in the description of the writable method that "If False, write() and truncate() will raise OSError."

However, if the BufferedReader object is constructed from a writabe io.RawIOBase object, then the truncate does not raise the exception.

>>> import io
>>> import tempfile
>>> rf = tempfile.TemporaryFile(buffering=0)
>>> rf
<_io.FileIO name=3 mode='rb+' closefd=True>
>>> bf = io.BufferedReader(rf)
>>> bf.writable()
False
>>> bf.truncate(0)
0

Looking at _pyio.py file, the truncate method in the  _BufferedIOMixin wrapper class delegates the truncation to it's raw attribute.  If the raw element permits the truncation, then it will proceed regardless of the writable state of the wrapper class.  I'd suggest that modifying the truncate method in _BufferedIOMixin to raise OSError (or Unsupported) if not self.writable() could fix this problem.

New changeset fd5116c0e77aec05f67fb24f10562ac920648035 by Berker Peksag in branch 'master':
bpo-35950: Raise UnsupportedOperation in BufferedReader.truncate() (GH-18586)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/fd5116c0e77aec05f67fb24f10562ac920648035