This issue tracker has been migrated to GitHub, and is currently read-only.
For more information, see the GitHub FAQs in the Python's Developer Guide.

classification
Title: cjkcodecs missing getstate and setstate implementations
Type: enhancement Stage: resolved
Components: IO, Tests Versions: Python 3.8
process
Status: closed Resolution: fixed
Dependencies: Superseder:
Assigned To: Nosy List: libcthorne, martin.panter, methane, miss-islington
Priority: normal Keywords: patch

Created on 2018-05-19 07:00 by libcthorne, last changed 2022-04-11 14:59 by admin. This issue is now closed.

Pull Requests
URL Status Linked Edit
PR 6984 merged python-dev, 2018-05-19 07:06
PR 10290 merged libcthorne, 2018-11-02 00:49
Messages (7)
msg317106 - (view) Author: Christopher Thorne (libcthorne) * Date: 2018-05-19 07:00
The cjkcodecs module provides support for various Chinese/Japanese/Korean codecs through its MultibyteIncrementalDecoder and MultibyteIncrementalEncoder classes.

While working with one of these cjkcodecs (euc-jp), I came across an issue where calling TextIOWrapper.tell() was causing a decode error on a valid euc-jp file:

>>> with open("/tmp/test", "w", encoding="euc-jp") as f:
...     f.write("AB\nうえ\n")
...
6
>>> with open("/tmp/test", "r", encoding="euc-jp") as f:
...     f.readline()
...     f.tell()
...     f.readline()
...     f.readline()
...
'AB\n'
4
'うえ\n'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 5, in <module>
UnicodeDecodeError: 'euc_jp' codec can't decode byte 0xa4 in position 0: incomplete multibyte sequence

Without the tell(), there is no problem:

>>> with open("/tmp/test", "w", encoding="euc-jp") as f:
...     f.write("AB\nうえ\n")
...
6
>>> with open("/tmp/test", "r", encoding="euc-jp") as f:
...     f.readline()
...     f.readline()
...     f.readline()
...
'AB\n'
'うえ\n'
''

After looking at _io_TextIOWrapper_tell_impl in textio.c, I understood that tell() is not as trivial as one might expect as it is using a "reconstruction algorithm" [1] to account for buffered chunk reads. By default, TextIOWrapper reads from its underlying stream in chunks of 8092 bytes and then decodes and buffers this data for speed efficiency. As a result, TextIOWrapper.tell() can't just call tell() on the underlying stream because the stream's tell() will usually be too far ahead. Thus, a reconstruction algorithm is used to calculate how many bytes of the buffered chunk have actually been read so far by the user.

The reconstruction algorithm could be trivial for single byte codecs - just track the number of characters read so far, e.g. each time read() is called. However, for multibyte codecs where the number of bytes representing a character is not uniform nor reported by the decoder, the character count alone isn't sufficient. What CPython does for this is jump to a "snapshot" point where the decoder is in a clean state (i.e. not halfway through a multibyte read) and feeds it bytes to generate characters, counting as it goes, until the number of characters it tracked from user reads are generated. From this, it knows the number of bytes it took to reach the point the user is at and can calculate the correct tell() value.

Now this is where the problem comes in: the reconstruction algorithm depends on a reliable way to detect when the decoder is in a "clean state". The getstate method [2], which returns any pending data the decoder has, is used for this. However, in the case of cjkcodecs, the getstate implementation is missing. This can be seen in the following example:

>>> import codecs
>>> decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder('euc_jp')()
... decoder.decode(b'\xa4\xa6') # Decode a complete input sequence
'う'
>>> decoder.getstate() # There should be no state here (working)
(b'', 0)
>>> decoder.decode(b'\xa4') # Decode first half of a partial input sequence
''
>>> decoder.getstate() # There should be state here (not working)
(b'', 0)

Internally, however, the cjkcodecs do hold state. They just don't expose it.

This leads to unexpected results in the reconstruction algorithm, such as the tell() bug demonstrated above.

It appears decoder.setstate [3], encoder.getstate [4], encoder.setstate [5], are also not implemented for the cjkcodecs. This leads to other issues in code that assumes their implementaton is present (e.g. TextIOWrapper.seek).

I will attach a PR shortly with some tests and proposed implementations. This is my first time working with the CPython codebase, so apologies if I've overlooked anything.

Finally, here is a somewhat related issue with a mention of the same tell() bug at the end: https://bugs.python.org/issue25863
However, the main problem identified in that report requires further changes than just adding getstate as it's caused by the more fundamental issue of encoder and decoder state not being kept in sync.
(Also, I have added the reporter of that issue to the nosy list for this one as I assume they have some familiarity with this bug)

[1] https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html#id3
[2] https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codecs.IncrementalDecoder.getstate
[3] https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codecs.IncrementalDecoder.setstate
[4] https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codecs.IncrementalEncoder.getstate
[5] https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codecs.IncrementalEncoder.setstate
msg318726 - (view) Author: Inada Naoki (methane) * (Python committer) Date: 2018-06-05 08:20
ISO-2022-* is "stateful" encoding.  It uses escape sequence to change state.
So keeping only `pending` is not enough.

>>> enc.encode("abcあいう")
b'abc\x1b$B$"$$$&'
>>> enc.getstate()
0
>>> enc.encode("abc")
b'\x1b(Babc'

>>> enc.encode("abcあいう")
b'abc\x1b$B$"$$$&'
>>> enc.getstate()
0
>>> enc.setstate(0)
>>> enc.encode("abc")
b'abc'

I don't know much about other encodings.
msg318742 - (view) Author: Christopher Thorne (libcthorne) * Date: 2018-06-05 12:32
Ah, good find. I suppose that means `MultibyteCodec_State` and `pending` are both needed to fully capture state, as is done in `decoder.getstate`/`setstate` by returning a tuple of both. Unfortunately `encoder.getstate` is defined to return an integer, and because `MultibyteCodec_State` can occupy 8 bytes, and `pending` can occupy 2 bytes (MAXENCPENDING), we get a total of 10 bytes which I think exceeds what a PyLong can represent.

Returning either `pending` or `MultibyteCodec_State` seems infeasible because `setstate` will not know how to process it, and both may be needed together.

Some alternatives could be:

1. If we are restricted to returning an integer, perhaps this integer could be an index that references a state in a pool of encoder states stored internally (effectively a pointer). Managing this state pool seems quite complex.

2. encoder.getstate could be redefined to return a tuple, but obviously this is a breaking change. Backwards compatibility could be somewhat preserved by allowing setstate to accept either an integer or tuple.

3. Remove `PyObject *pending` from `MultibyteStatefulEncoderContext` and change encoders to only use `MultibyteCodec_State`. Not sure how feasible this is.

I think approach 2 would be simplest and matches the decoder interface. 

Does anyone have any opinions or further alternatives?
msg318801 - (view) Author: Inada Naoki (methane) * (Python committer) Date: 2018-06-06 06:32
> `MultibyteCodec_State` can occupy 8 bytes, and `pending` can occupy 2 bytes (MAXENCPENDING), we get a total of 10 bytes which I think exceeds what a PyLong can represent.

PyLong is "long integer", aka "big integer", not C's long type.
https://docs.python.org/3.6/c-api/long.html

You can encode 12 bytes into single long object.
msg318987 - (view) Author: Christopher Thorne (libcthorne) * Date: 2018-06-07 23:33
Thanks Naoki, that simplifies things a lot.

I've updated the PR with a new test case for ISO-2022-JP and a corresponding implementation for the encoder state methods.
msg329053 - (view) Author: miss-islington (miss-islington) Date: 2018-11-01 10:48
New changeset ac22f6aa989f18c33c12615af1c66c73cf75d5e7 by Miss Islington (bot) (Christopher Thorne) in branch 'master':
bpo-33578: Add getstate/setstate for CJK codec (GH-6984)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/ac22f6aa989f18c33c12615af1c66c73cf75d5e7
msg329103 - (view) Author: Inada Naoki (methane) * (Python committer) Date: 2018-11-02 03:29
New changeset 488c0a6cdf09e21774e63c2a430ecc0de804d147 by INADA Naoki (Christopher Thorne) in branch 'master':
bpo-33578: Fix getstate/setstate for CJK decoder (GH-10290)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/488c0a6cdf09e21774e63c2a430ecc0de804d147
History
Date User Action Args
2022-04-11 14:59:00adminsetgithub: 77759
2020-05-03 09:14:03terry.reedylinkissue40416 superseder
2018-11-06 07:05:53methanesetstatus: open -> closed
resolution: fixed
stage: patch review -> resolved
2018-11-02 03:29:43methanesetmessages: + msg329103
2018-11-02 00:49:20libcthornesetpull_requests: + pull_request9600
2018-11-01 10:48:55miss-islingtonsetnosy: + miss-islington
messages: + msg329053
2018-06-11 06:12:03methanesettype: behavior -> enhancement
versions: - Python 2.7, Python 3.6, Python 3.7
2018-06-07 23:33:18libcthornesetmessages: + msg318987
2018-06-06 06:32:45methanesetmessages: + msg318801
2018-06-05 12:32:32libcthornesetmessages: + msg318742
2018-06-05 08:20:37methanesetnosy: + methane
messages: + msg318726
2018-05-19 07:06:57python-devsetkeywords: + patch
stage: patch review
pull_requests: + pull_request6638
2018-05-19 07:00:06libcthornecreate