I have been able to reproduce this in Wish built from the current head. Interestingly, the cut-off seems to be 1px off what `font measure` gives (see attached). Though in this behaviour is a problem, the man page does note the following:
> The return value is the total width in pixels of text, not including the extra pixels used by highly exaggerated characters such as cursive “f” [https://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl/TkCmd/font.html#M10]

Tkinter is simply a thin wrapper of Tk, so I suggest you take it up with that team so they can fix it upstream (a minimal equivalent of your code in Tcl can be found below): https://core.tcl-lang.org/tk/reportlist

pack [canvas .c -width 250 -height 500]
font create .f -family "Times New Roman" -size -500
set t [.c create text 0 250 -text f -font .f -anchor w]
update ; # A window render is required for the bug to occur
.c itemconfigure $t -fill red
set x [font measure .f f]
.c create line $x 0 $x 500