The os.path documentation at https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.path.html states that:

> Vice versa, using bytes objects cannot represent all file names on Windows (in the standard mbcs encoding), hence Windows applications should use string objects to access all files.

This doesn't sound right and is at least misleading because anything can be represented as bytes, as everything (in a computer) is bytes at the end of the day, unless mbcs is really using something like half-bytes, which I couldn't find any sign of (skimming through the documentation, Microsoft seems to interpret it as DBCS, one or two bytes).

I could imagine that the meaning is that some bytes combinations can't be used as path under Windows, but I just don't know, and that wouldn't be a valid reason to not use bytes under Windows (IMHO).