Using SQLite 3.35.0 nightly build, building Python using PCbuild/build.bat and PCBuild\pcbuild.sln with VS 2017 (does this reflect how the Windows team build the installers?), I can confirm that math functions are _not_ included by default. I added SQLITE_ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS to PCbuild/sqlite3.vcxproj, but then VS 2017 fails building sqlite:

1>------ Rebuild All started: Project: sqlite3, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
1>sqlite3.c
1>c:\src\cpython.git\externals\sqlite-3.33.0.0\sqlite3.c(119997): error C2099: initializer is not a constant
1>c:\src\cpython.git\externals\sqlite-3.33.0.0\sqlite3.c(119997): warning C4047: 'initializing': 'FuncDef *' differs in levels of indirection from 'void (__cdecl *)(sqlite3_context *,int,sqlite3_value **)'
1>c:\src\cpython.git\externals\sqlite-3.33.0.0\sqlite3.c(119997): warning C4047: 'initializing': 'void (__cdecl *)(sqlite3_context *,int,sqlite3_value **)' differs in levels of indirection from 'char [5]'
1>c:\src\cpython.git\externals\sqlite-3.33.0.0\sqlite3.c(119998): error C2099: initializer is not a constant
1>c:\src\cpython.git\externals\sqlite-3.33.0.0\sqlite3.c(119998): warning C4047: 'initializing': 'FuncDef *' differs in levels of indirection from 'void (__cdecl *)(sqlite3_context *,int,sqlite3_value **)'
1>c:\src\cpython.git\externals\sqlite-3.33.0.0\sqlite3.c(119998): warning C4047: 'initializing': 'void (__cdecl *)(sqlite3_context *,int,sqlite3_value **)' differs in levels of indirection from 'char [8]'
1>c:\src\cpython.git\externals\sqlite-3.33.0.0\sqlite3.c(119999): error C2099: initializer is not a constant
1>c:\src\cpython.git\externals\sqlite-3.33.0.0\sqlite3.c(119999): warning C4047: 'initializing': 'FuncDef *' differs in levels of indirection from 'void (__cdecl *)(sqlite3_context *,int,sqlite3_value **)'
1>c:\src\cpython.git\externals\sqlite-3.33.0.0\sqlite3.c(119999): warning C4047: 'initializing': 'void (__cdecl *)(sqlite3_context *,int,sqlite3_value **)' differs in levels of indirection from 'char [6]'
1>Done building project "sqlite3.vcxproj" -- FAILED.
========== Rebuild All: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 skipped ==========

(Note, I've overwritten the files in the externals\sqlite-3.33.0.0 directory with the nightly build.)