It's starting to look like a misconfiguration in either Ubuntu's OpenSSL build or your system. has_tls_version() checks compile time options and runtime configuration options. It should detect that TLS 1.1 and 1.0 are not available. "[SSL] internal error" also points to an unusual error condition that should never be triggered by these tests.

Please run this on your system:

import ssl
print((ssl.HAS_TLSv1, ssl.HAS_TLSv1_1, ssl.HAS_TLSv1_2, ssl.HAS_TLSv1_3))
print(ssl.SSLContext().maximum_version)
print(ssl.SSLContext().minimum_version)