> Do other platforms have a function that can do this check?

There's no platform independent way to do this.

I don't know anything about ctypes, but what might be a way to handle this is providing a way to convert an integer into a pointer (like a void*).  Then all these routines could accept this void* type that you would define, but not accept a raw integer.  That means people would still have access to do the same thing they can currently do, but it would be clearer that they are playing with fire by converting any int into a pointer.

There are so many ways to use ctypes to crash, I'm not sure if this is worth fixing, except perhaps in the docs to point out the issues.