Eric touched on the use when he said the following above:

> It's nice to be able to distinguish between the failure to *find* the module during import from other uses of ImportError.

To make up one example, you might want to use a fallback module if a package isn't installed:

    try:
        from fancy_parser import NewParser as HTMLParser
    except ModuleNotFoundError:
        from html.parser import HTMLParser

But you might still want an error if the package is installed, though incorrectly (e.g. fancy_parser is installed, but an old version that doesn't have NewParser). Catching ImportError would swallow this error, whereas ModuleNotFoundError would let it bubble up.