The list of errnos indicating missing access seems open-ended.
Things such as:

[ENAMETOOLONG]
    The length of a component of a pathname is longer than {NAME_MAX}.
[ENOENT]
    A component of path does not name an existing file or path is an empty string.
[ENOTDIR]
    A component of the path prefix is not a directory, or the path argument contains at least one non- <slash> character and ends with one or more trailing <slash> characters and the last pathname component names an existing file that is neither a directory nor a symbolic link to a directory.
[EROFS]
    Write access is requested for a file on a read-only file system.

... may be considered missing access.