>>> float ('-1,234')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: could not convert string to float: '-1,234'

The behaviour is correct and not a bug. Commas are not supported when converting strings to float.

The allowed format for floats as strings is described in the docs:

https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#float

By the way, the negative sign is irrelevant. Commas are not supported regardless of whether there is a negative sign or not.

The difficulty with commas is that it is ambiguous whether float('1,234') should interpret the comma as British/American digit grouping separator, and return 1234.0, or as the European decimal point, and return 1.234. For good or bad, Python has a bias towards English (like most programming languages) and so it chooses to only recognise the decimal point as a dot in the British/American style, and reject the comma.

If you want to support European-style commas as the decimal point, the easiest way is to call float('1,234'.replace(',', '.'))

Aside: for what it is worth, the British style with a middle dot is also not supported: float('1·234') also raises ValueError.