Hey there,

I believe I've come across a bug. It occurs when you try to lower() the Turkish uppercase letter "İ". Gonna explain it with example code since it's easier:

>>> len("Ş")
1
>>> len("Ş".lower())
1
>>> len("Ğ")
1
>>> len("Ğ".lower())
1
>>> len("Ö")
1
>>> len("Ö".lower())
1
>>> len("Ç")
1
>>> len("Ç".lower())
1
>>> len("İ")
1
>>> len("İ".lower())
2

When you lower() the Turkish uppercase letter “İ”, it returns a 2 chars long string with the first character being “i”, and the second being chr(775).

Should it not simply return “i”?

> Should it not simply return “i”?

Python implements the Unicode standard.

>>> "U+%04x" % ord("İ")
'U+0130'
>>> ["U+%04x" % ord(ch) for ch in "İ".lower()]
['U+0069', 'U+0307']

>>> unicodedata.name("İ")
'LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE'
>>> [unicodedata.name(ch) for ch in "İ".lower()]
['LATIN SMALL LETTER I', 'COMBINING DOT ABOVE']

At the C level(), lower_ucs4() calls _PyUnicode_ToLowerFull() which lookup into Python internal Unicode database.

U+0130 character enters the EXTENDED_CASE_MASK case: use _PyUnicode_ExtendedCase secondary database for "extended case".

Well, at the end, Python uses the following data file from the Unicode standard:

https://www.unicode.org/Public/9.0.0/ucd/SpecialCasing.txt

Extract:
"""
# Preserve canonical equivalence for I with dot. Turkic is handled below.

0130; 0069 0307; 0130; 0130; # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE
"""


If you want to convert strings differently for the special case of Turkish, you need to use a different standard than Unicode...

I close the issue as NOT A BUG.

There is a weird thing though (using Python 3.6.8):

>>> [x.lower() for x in 'İ']
['i̇']
>>> [x for x in 'İ'.lower()]
['i', '̇']

I would expect that the results would be the same in both cases. (And this is a source of a bug for some code of mine)

> I would expect that the results would be the same in both cases.

It's not. Read again my previous comment.

>>> ["U+%04x" % ord(ch) for ch in "İ".lower()]
['U+0069', 'U+0307']

PS: The first entry of the result is a decomposed string, too:

>>> r = [x.lower() for x in 'İ']
>>> hex(ord(r[0][0]))
'0x69'
>>> hex(ord(r[0][1]))
'0x307'

Thank for the (re) explanation. Unicode is tough!
Basically this is the issue i have really in the end with the folding: what used to be a proper alpha string is not longer one after a lower() because the second codepoint is a punctuation and I use a regex split on the \W word class that then behaves differently when the string is lowercased as we have an extra punctuation then to break on. I will find a way around these (rare) cases alright! 

Sorry for the noise.

```
>>> 'İ'.isalpha()
True
>>> 'İ'.lower().isalpha()
False
```

I know it is not finalized and released yet but are you going to implement Version 14.0.0 of the Unicode Standard? It finally solves the issue of Turkish lower/upper case 'I' and 'i'.

[Here is the document](https://www.unicode.org/Public/14.0.0/ucd/NamesList-14.0.0d1.txt)

> 0049	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I
	* Turkish and Azerbaijani use 0131 for lowercase

> 0069	LATIN SMALL LETTER I
	* Turkish and Azerbaijani use 0130 for uppercase

Şahin Kureta you wrote:
> I know it is not finalized and released yet but are you going to
> implement Version 14.0.0 of the Unicode Standard? 
> It finally solves the issue of Turkish lower/upper case 'I' and 'i'.

Thank you for the pointer!

I guess this spec could likely be under consideration for Python when it becomes final (but unlikely before?).

We don't update the unicodedata database in patch releases because updates are backwards incompatible. Python 3.9 will ship with 13.0. Python 3.10 is going to ship with 14.0.

Şahin Kureta said: "I know it is not finalized and released yet but are you going to implement Version 14.0.0 of the Unicode Standard? It finally solves the issue of Turkish lower/upper case 'I' and 'i'." .

this looks like that unicode version 14 has some new things about that. it is not so. it same as version 13. compare https://www.unicode.org/Public/13.0.0/ucd/SpecialCasing.txt and https://www.unicode.org/Public/14.0.0/ucd/SpecialCasing-14.0.0d8.txt ( if it is 404 try to enter from https://www.unicode.org/Public/14.0.0/ucd/ ).