From the documentation ^ should restrict the matching of re.search to the beginning of the string, as mentioned here: https://docs.python.org/3.4/library/re.html#search-vs-match

However, this doesn't always seem to work as the following example shows:

re.search("^([0-9]{4}-[01][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T[0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]\\.[0-9]+)|([0-9]{4}-[01][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T[0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9])|([0-9]{4}-[01][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T[0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9])|([0-9]{4}-[01][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T[0-2][0-9])|([0-9]{4}-[01][0-9]-[0-3][0-9])|([0-9]{4}-[01][0-9])|([0-9]{4})$", "2015-AE-02T10:16:08.450904")

This should not match since the expression uses or-ed patterns between anchors ^ and $. Based on the "AE" this should not return a match, yet it returns one from positions 22 to 26, based on the last pattern in the or-red sequence of patterns: ([0-9]{4})

This can be worked around by explicitly including the anchor markers in the last pattern as follows:

re.search("^([0-9]{4}-[01][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T[0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]\\.[0-9]+)|([0-9]{4}-[01][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T[0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9])|([0-9]{4}-[01][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T[0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9])|([0-9]{4}-[01][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T[0-2][0-9])|([0-9]{4}-[01][0-9]-[0-3][0-9])|([0-9]{4}-[01][0-9])|(^[0-9]{4}$)$", "2015-AE-02T10:16:08.450904")

Notice: the last pattern now explicitly includes the anchors: (^[0-9]{4}$), which is factually duplicate with the anchors that already exist at the beginning and end of the entire regular expression!

This work around correctly produces no match (which is the behaviour I expected from the first pattern).

The or-ed patterns aren't between the anchors. The ^ is at the start of the first alternative and the $ is at the end of the last alternative.