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the os module generally uses the same name as the underlying
POSIX API.  in this case, os.putenv maps to POSIX putenv(3)
and os.getenv maps to POSIX getenv(3).

there is a setenv() function available on some platforms,
which is more like:

  def setenv(key, value, overwrite):
    if not getenv(key) or overwrite:
      putenv(key, value)

(why are you using these functions anyway?  use the environ
dictionary, already!)