I cannot reproduce in Python with either 3.8 or 3.10.  (Please try with latter if you can.)  I thought the issue might possibly be passing two different dicts, which results in the code being executed as if in a class statement, but it is not.  

code = '''
c=[1,2,3,4]
d={'list': [c[i] for i in range(len(c))]}
print(d)
'''
bcode = compile(code, '', 'exec')
gdict = globals()
ldict = {}
exec(bcode, gdict, gdict)
exec(bcode, gdict, ldict)
class C:
    c=[1,2,3,4]
    d={'list': [c[i] for i in range(len(c))]}
    print(d)

prints {'list': [1, 2, 3, 4]} 3 times.  Using 'eval' instead of 'exec' gives the same.  I presume that code compiled with 'exec' is 'exec'ed even if use eval.