The copy operation is not safe to use during iteration. The following test case raises a "RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration":


import weakref

class Class:
  pass

def TEST_weakValue():
  d = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
  a = Class()
  b = Class()
  d["a"] = a
  d["b"] = b
  e = d.copy()
  
  for key in e:
    a = None
    c = e.copy()

TEST_weakValue()


This is related to https://bugs.python.org/issue35615 where I commented as well, but I couldn't find a way to reopen this issue, which is why I open this one.

We experience a lot fewer crashes in weakref than before https://bugs.python.org/issue35615 had been fixed, however, there are recursive situations in which copy() is invoked while iterating the WeakValueDictionary (e.g., in our case it is a signal/slot implementation where the slots are stored in a WeakValueDictionary). _commit_removals(), which is called at the beginning of the copy operation, might change the dictionary if there are items that are to be removed. If there is an ongoing iteration, the corresponding RuntimeError is raised.

I haven't thought that through entirely, but I wonder whether the copy (and also deepcopy) operation could just blindly copy everything without "committing removals". After the copy, both instances would do their _commit_removals on their own upon access.