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Another note: the patch will change the meaning of charmap 
encoding slightly: currently "replace" will put a ? into 
the output, even if ? is not in the mapping, i.e. 
codecs.charmap_encode(u"c", "replace", {ord("a"): ord
("b")}) will return ('?', 1).

With the patch the above example will raise an exception.

Off course with the patch many more replace characters can 
appear, so it is vital that for the replacement string the 
mapping is done.

Is this semantic change OK? (I guess all of the existing 
codecs have a mapping ord("?")->ord("?"))