The following code:

    from dataclasses import dataclass, field
    from typing import Callable
     
    @dataclass
    class Foo:
    	callback: Callable[[int], int] = lambda x: x**2
     
    @dataclass
    class Bar:
    	callback: Callable[[int], int] = field(init=False, default=lambda x: x**2)
     
    print(Foo().callback(2))
    print(Bar().callback(2))

prints 4 for the first print, but throws a TypeError for the second. This is because Foo() stores the default callback in the instance dict, while Bar() only has it in the class dict. Bar().callback triggers the descriptor protocol and produces a method object instead of the original callback.

There does not seem to be any indication in the dataclasses documentation that these fields will behave differently. It seems like they should behave the same, and/or the documentation should be clearer about how the default value/non-init field interaction behaves.