When reviewing PR 12020 fixing an infinite loop in the e-mail module, I noticed that a *different* infinite loop is documented with a "# XXX" comment on line 2724:

https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/58721a903074d28151d008d8990c98fc31d1e798/Lib/email/_header_value_parser.py#L2724

This is triggered when the policy's `max_line_length` is set to be shorter than minimum line length required by the "RFC 2047 chrome". It can be reproduced with:

    from email.policy import default

    policy = default.clone(max_line_length=7) # max_line_length = 78
    policy.fold("Subject", "12345678")

I could not find an entry on the tracker for this bug, but it is documented in the source code itself, so maybe I just didn't try hard enough.

Related but distinct bugs: #33529, #33524

I will submit a patch to fix this.