test_many_processes() is made in two steps. The bug occurs at the second step which calls proc.terminate() on processes. Code of the test:

    @classmethod
    def _sleep_some(cls):
        time.sleep(100)

    @classmethod
    def _test_sleep(cls, delay):
        time.sleep(delay)

    def test_many_processes(self):
        if self.TYPE == 'threads':
            self.skipTest('test not appropriate for {}'.format(self.TYPE))

        sm = multiprocessing.get_start_method()
        N = 5 if sm == 'spawn' else 100

        # Try to overwhelm the forkserver loop with events
        procs = [self.Process(target=self._test_sleep, args=(0.01,))
                 for i in range(N)]
        for p in procs:
            p.start()
        for p in procs:
            join_process(p)
        for p in procs:
            self.assertEqual(p.exitcode, 0)

        procs = [self.Process(target=self._sleep_some)
                 for i in range(N)]
        for p in procs:
            p.start()
        time.sleep(0.001)  # let the children start...
        for p in procs:
            p.terminate()
        for p in procs:
            join_process(p)
        if os.name != 'nt':
            for p in procs:
                self.assertEqual(p.exitcode, -signal.SIGTERM) # <--- HERE

I'm not sure about the "time.sleep(0.001)  # let the children start...". It looks like a weak synchronization. Maybe if the system is heavily loaded, the signal is sent before Python registered signal handlers? 1 ms seems short to start Python. On my Linux laptop, it's closer to 15 ms.