Yes, I think this issue should be closed. But for the record I'd like to note a not uncommon case in which listdir() raise FileNotFoundError on Windows.

According to MS-FSA [1], if a request to open a directory resolves to a file, the operation should fail with STATUS_NOT_A_DIRECTORY (see 2.1.5.1, phase 7). That's the scenario I was discussing in previous messages. However, I neglected to discuss what happens when an intermediate path component is not a directory. In theory this case should also fail with STATUS_NOT_A_DIRECTORY (see 2.1.5.1, phase 6). However, in practice MS file systems instead return STATUS_OBJECT_PATH_NOT_FOUND, which becomes ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND, for which Python raises FileNotFoundError.

Walking the path to find the reason for the failure shouldn't be attempted because it's subject to race conditions -- e.g. the file that caused the failure may no longer exist. 

[1]: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff469536.aspx