Installing Python 3.6.1 from the sources on OpenSuse 42.1 gives me:

o Python/mystrtoul.o Python/mysnprintf.o Python/peephole.o Python/pyarena.o Python/pyctype.o Python/pyfpe.o Python/pyhash.o Python/pylifecycle.o Python/pymath.o Python/pystate.o Python/pythonrun.o Python/pytime.o Python/random.o Python/structmember.o Python/symtable.o Python/sysmodule.o Python/traceback.o Python/getopt.o Python/pystrcmp.o Python/pystrtod.o Python/pystrhex.o Python/dtoa.o Python/formatter_unicode.o Python/fileutils.o Python/dynload_shlib.o   Python/thread.o  Python/frozen.o
ar rc libpython3.6m.a Modules/config.o Modules/getpath.o Modules/main.o Modules/gcmodule.o
ar rc libpython3.6m.a Modules/_threadmodule.o  Modules/posixmodule.o  Modules/errnomodule.o  Modules/pwdmodule.o  Modules/_sre.o  Modules/_codecsmodule.o  Modules/_weakref.o  Modules/_functoolsmodule.o  Modules/_operator.o  Modules/_collectionsmodule.o  Modules/itertoolsmodule.o  Modules/atexitmodule.o  Modules/signalmodule.o  Modules/_stat.o  Modules/timemodule.o  Modules/_localemodule.o  Modules/_iomodule.o Modules/iobase.o Modules/fileio.o Modules/bytesio.o Modules/bufferedio.o Modules/textio.o Modules/stringio.o  Modules/zipimport.o  Modules/faulthandler.o  Modules/_tracemalloc.o Modules/hashtable.o  Modules/symtablemodule.o  Modules/xxsubtype.o
ranlib libpython3.6m.a
gcc -pthread  -fprofile-generate  -Xlinker -export-dynamic -o python Programs/python.o libpython3.6m.a -lpthread -ldl  -lutil   -lm
gcc -pthread  -fprofile-generate  -Xlinker -export-dynamic -o Programs/_testembed Programs/_testembed.o libpython3.6m.a -lpthread -ldl  -lutil   -lm
./python -E -S -m sysconfig --generate-posix-vars ;\
if test $? -ne 0 ; then \
	echo "generate-posix-vars failed" ; \
	rm -f ./pybuilddir.txt ; \
	exit 1 ; \
fi
Could not find platform independent libraries <prefix>
Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: Unable to get the locale encoding
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'encodings'

Current thread 0x00007f8a8d4c6680 (most recent call first):
/bin/sh: line 5: 31168 Aborted                 ./python -E -S -m sysconfig --generate-posix-vars
generate-posix-vars failed
Makefile:595: recipe for target 'pybuilddir.txt' failed
make[2]: *** [pybuilddir.txt] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/data/home/ajung/src/Python-3.6.1'
Makefile:511: recipe for target 'build_all_generate_profile' failed
make[1]: *** [build_all_generate_profile] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/data/home/ajung/src/Python-3.6.1'
Makefile:492: recipe for target 'profile-opt' failed
make: *** [profile-opt] Error 2

Some search on Google reveals some dependency to PYTHONPATH but this variable is not set on my system