For reference if anyone else still runs into this issue: the affected DLL is ucrtbase.dll, and the faulty version is 10.0.10240.0, which shipped with the 1507 release of Windows 10, the Windows 10 SDK, and Visual Studio 2015 RTM. This issue was resolved at the 1511 (
10.0.10586.212) release and later, along with Visual Studio 2015 Update 3, which can be installed on Windows 10 via Windows Update. On Windows 7 and 8.1, Windows update may update the files, but you also need to check for any local copies of the DLL in the same directory as the Python executable, as on these platforms per-application installs have priority over the copy within the Windows installation. 

Currently, the Python distributed with Conda environments (where Py3.5+ is used) are affected by this issue[1] because of their app-local deployments of these DLLs on Windows 7/8.1. Any application which similarly bundles the UCRT DLLs alongside its runtime will be also be affected. 

1. Conda issue filed at: https://github.com/ContinuumIO/anaconda-issues/issues/1974