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> Based on the other bug I guess that casting an arbitrary
> long to unsigned long is allowed.

Right, C defines the result of casting any integral type to
any unsigned integral type.

> If so, then maybe we could use the following test:
>
>  if (sign == '-' && uresult == 0-(unsigned
long)LONG_MIN) {
>      result = LONG_MIN;
>  }
>
> which states the intention a bit more clearly and
> without the assert().

We could.  It's not really clearer to me, given that the
current code is explained in a comment block before
PyOS_strtol(), and I couldn't care less about removing an
assert, so I'm not going to bother.  I wouldn't object to
changing it, although "0-" instead of plain unary "-" also
begs for an explanation lest someone delete the "0" because
it looks plain silly.