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_POSIX_C_SOURCE appears to come from the gcc driver, along with a 
few other macros. 
 
If I add "-v" to compilation, the output expands to: 
 
Reading specs 
from /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/hppa2.0w-hp-hpux11.11/3.3.3/specs 
Configured 
with: /scratch/zack/pkgbuild/3.3.1/hpux-11/gcc-3.3.3/configure 
--enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-threads=posix --disable-nls 
--with-gnu-as --without-gnu-ld --with-as=/usr/local/bin/as 
--prefix=/usr/local 
Thread model: posix 
gcc version 3.3.3 
 /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/hppa2.0w-hp-hpux11.11/3.3.3/cc1 -quiet -v -I. 
-I./Include -D__GNUC__=3 -D__GNUC_MINOR__=3 
-D__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__=3 -D_REENTRANT -D_THREAD_SAFE 
-D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L -DNDEBUG -DPy_BUILD_CORE 
Modules/python.c -quiet -dumpbase python.c -auxbase-strip 
Modules/python.o -g -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -version 
-fno-strict-aliasing -o /var/tmp//ccLnAhZ0.s 
GNU C version 3.3.3 (hppa2.0w-hp-hpux11.11) 
        compiled by GNU C version 3.3.3. 
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param 
ggc-min-heapsize=131072 
ignoring nonexistent directory 
"/usr/local/hppa2.0w-hp-hpux11.11/include" 
#include "..." search starts here: 
#include <...> search starts here: 
 . 
 Include 
 /usr/local/include 
 /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/hppa2.0w-hp-hpux11.11/3.3.3/include 
 /usr/include 
End of search list. 
In file included from Include/Python.h:8, 
                 from Modules/python.c:3: 
pyconfig.h:835:1: warning: "_POSIX_C_SOURCE" redefined 
<command line>:6:1: warning: this is the location of the previous 
definition 
 /usr/local/bin/as --traditional-format -o 
Modules/python.o /var/tmp//ccLnAhZ0.s