Code entered with -c seems to be treated the same as code entered at the >>> prompt of the interactive interpreter.

>>> 1/0
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

In both cases, the offending code is right there to be seen, so I can understand reluctance to echo it.  For SyntaxErrors (and only them) echoing the code is needed to have something to point to.

Idle's Shell does what you want.
>>> 1/0
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#12>", line 1, in <module>
    1/0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

Shell can do this because it has easy, platform-independent access to the tkinter Text widget storing and displaying previously entered code.  I presume accessing a system-dependent console history buffer is much harder.

Where the difference really matters is when the error is in previously defined objects.

>>> def f():
...   return a

>>> f()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in f
NameError: name 'a' is not defined

versus (Shell)

>>> def f():
	return a

>>> f()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#16>", line 1, in <module>
    f()
  File "<pyshell#15>", line 2, in f
    return a
NameError: name 'a' is not defined