Thanks for adding to the evidence here. As discussed above, disabling the security product (which is Bitdefender) on my PC didn't stop the problem for me, and I'm reluctant to uninstall. I narrowed it to the Windows Base Filtering Engine, but perhaps the behaviour of the BFE is extended by installing BD.

If so, you could say this is not a Python problem, it is caused by BD "normalising" the HTTP. Or BD could say it is caused by expecting a defined result from abnormal HTTP.

I took the view it were best fixed at our end. I found I could test the same thing (AFAICT), but modify the tests so they don't get interfered with.
http://bugs.jython.org/issue2109
http://hg.python.org/jython/rev/6441fcfd940b

Would a patch made from this be applicable to CPython?