+1 for a new exception type to indicate "this may technically be legal Python, but this Python implementation cannot handle it correctly"

Whatever exception type we add, it would be nice to also be able to use it if someone eventually fixes the compiler recursion crasher, so I'd like to paint this particular bikeshed as the more general "SyntaxLimitError".

Possible docs phrasing:

exception:: SyntaxLimitError

Raised when the compilation and code generation process encounters an error due to internal limitations of the current implementation (e.g. the CPython parser has an upper limit on the number of nested sets of parentheses it can handle in a single expression, but no such limitation exists in the Python language reference).
This is a subclass of :exc:`SyntaxError`.