In Python 3.11, unittest.assertRaisesRegex is broken and leading to crashing if tested regex does not match name. See the following example:

test.py
=========================================

import unittest

class uTest(unittest.TestCase):
	pass

uTest = uTest()

with uTest.assertRaisesRegex(Exception, 'aaa'):
     aab

=========================================

Output in Python3.9.2, 3.10:
--------------------------------------
NameError: name 'aab' is not defined

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/xxm/Desktop/test.py", line 29, in <module>
    aab
  File "/usr/local/python310/lib/python3.10/unittest/case.py", line 239, in __exit__
    self._raiseFailure('"{}" does not match "{}"'.format(
  File "/usr/local/python310/lib/python3.10/unittest/case.py", line 163, in _raiseFailure
    raise self.test_case.failureException(msg)
AssertionError: "aaa" does not match "name 'aab' is not defined

Actual output in Python3.11.0a1,Python3.11.0a2:
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

System: Ubuntu 16.04

Running it in debug build mode

./python -X dev ../bpo45826.py
python: Python/suggestions.c:215: offer_suggestions_for_name_error: Assertion `frame != NULL' failed.
Fatal Python error: Aborted

Current thread 0x00007f4c717f3280 (most recent call first):
<no Python frame>
[1] 15180 abort (core dumped) ./python -X dev ../bpo45826.py

I got a segfault in a similar location:

static PyObject *
offer_suggestions_for_name_error(PyNameErrorObject *exc)
{
    PyObject *name = exc->name; // borrowed reference
    PyTracebackObject *traceback = (PyTracebackObject *) exc->traceback; // borrowed reference
    // Abort if we don't have a variable name or we have an invalid one
    // or if we don't have a traceback to work with
    if (name == NULL || traceback == NULL || !PyUnicode_CheckExact(name)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    // Move to the traceback of the exception
    while (traceback->tb_next != NULL) {  <<<<<<<<<<<<<<< segfault: traceback is junk (but not null) pointer
        traceback = traceback->tb_next;
    }
...

Adding assert(Py_TYPE(exc) == PyExc_NameError); fails, so somehow something is getting cast to PyNameErrorObject * when it shouldn't be.

Here is some debugging code I used that also causes the crash:

----------------------------------------------

from unittest import TestCase
from unittest.case import _AssertRaisesContext
import sys
import traceback

manager = _AssertRaisesContext(Exception, TestCase(), 'aaa')

# inline this:
# with manager:
# aab

try:
aab
except:

# inline __exit__
exc_type, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info()
traceback.clear_frames(tb)
manager.exception = exc_value.with_traceback(None)
output = '"{}" does not match "{}"'.format(
                 manager.expected_regex.pattern, str(exc_value))

    # inline manager._raiseFailure(output)
    msg = manager.test_case._formatMessage(manager.msg, output)
    print("A:", f"{msg=!r}")
    e = manager.test_case.failureException(msg)
    print("B:", f"{e=!r}")
    raise e

# Output:
# A: msg='"aaa" does not match "name \'aab\' is not defined"'
# B: e=AssertionError('"aaa" does not match "name \'aab\' is not defined"')
-----------------------------------------------

Here's shorter reproducer not involving unittest:

import sys

try:
aab
except:
exc_type, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info()
exc_value.with_traceback(None)
raise ZeroDivisionError()

Even shorter reproducer:

-----------------------------
try:
aab
except BaseException as E:
E.with_traceback(None)
raise ZeroDivisionError()
-----------------------------

Bisection points to the initial implementation of suggestions.c:

5bf8bf2 is the first bad commit
commit 5bf8bf2
Author: Pablo Galindo <Pablogsal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed Apr 14 15:10:33 2021 +0100

bpo-38530: Offer suggestions on NameError (GH-25397)

When printing NameError raised by the interpreter, PyErr_Display
will offer suggestions of simmilar variable names in the function that the exception
was raised from:

        >>> schwarzschild_black_hole = None
        >>> schwarschild_black_hole
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
        NameError: name 'schwarschild_black_hole' is not defined. Did you mean: schwarzschild_black_hole?

New changeset 5d90c46 by Dennis Sweeney in branch 'main':
bpo-45826: Fix a crash in suggestions.c by checking for traceback is None (GH-29590)
5d90c46

New changeset 8eabe60 by Łukasz Langa in branch '3.10':
[3.10] bpo-45826: Fix a crash in suggestions.c by checking for traceback is None (GH-29590) (GH-29602)
8eabe60

Thanks, Dennis! ✨ 🍰 ✨