add inf, nan, infj, nanj to cmath module #67418

mdickinson · 2015-01-13T09:37:08Z

BPO	23229
Nosy	@mdickinson, @pitrou, @vstinner, @serhiy-storchaka
Files	cmath_inf_nan.patch

^{Note: these values reflect the state of the issue at the time it was migrated and might not reflect the current state.}

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GitHub fields:

assignee = 'https://github.com/mdickinson'
closed_at = <Date 2016-08-29.12:59:24.714>
created_at = <Date 2015-01-13.09:37:07.756>
labels = ['extension-modules', 'type-feature']
title = 'add inf, nan, infj, nanj to cmath module'
updated_at = <Date 2016-08-29.12:59:24.713>
user = 'https://github.com/mdickinson'

bugs.python.org fields:

activity = <Date 2016-08-29.12:59:24.713>
actor = 'mark.dickinson'
assignee = 'mark.dickinson'
closed = True
closed_date = <Date 2016-08-29.12:59:24.714>
closer = 'mark.dickinson'
components = ['Extension Modules']
creation = <Date 2015-01-13.09:37:07.756>
creator = 'mark.dickinson'
dependencies = []
files = ['44181']
hgrepos = []
issue_num = 23229
keywords = ['patch']
message_count = 23.0
messages = ['233919', '233921', '233922', '233923', '233924', '233925', '233926', '233927', '233949', '233950', '233951', '233952', '233953', '233954', '233956', '233957', '233962', '233963', '233964', '233965', '233967', '273312', '273859']
nosy_count = 5.0
nosy_names = ['mark.dickinson', 'pitrou', 'vstinner', 'python-dev', 'serhiy.storchaka']
pr_nums = []
priority = 'normal'
resolution = 'fixed'
stage = 'resolved'
status = 'closed'
superseder = None
type = 'enhancement'
url = 'https://bugs.python.org/issue23229'
versions = ['Python 3.6']

mdickinson · 2015-01-13T09:37:08Z

As pointed out by Guido in bpo-23185, the constants inf and nan should be added to the cmath module, too.

vstinner · 2015-01-13T09:37:43Z

What about cmath.nanj?

mdickinson · 2015-01-13T09:38:15Z

Guido also says:

"""
Also complex(0, math.nan) a value that is printed as "nanj" and complex("nanj") parses and returns such a value, so the point could be made that there should be a constant named complex.nanj.
"""

... and the same comments would apply to "infj".

vstinner · 2015-01-13T09:38:48Z

Oh, there is also infj:

>>> complex(0, float("inf"))
infj
>>> complex("infj")
infj
>>> complex(0, float("nan"))
nanj
>>> complex("nanj")
nanj

mdickinson · 2015-01-13T09:39:41Z

@Haypo: I'm not keen on either of infj or nanj, on a YAGNI basis. I expect they'd be used almost never, and for the few times that they're really needed, complex(0, inf) and complex(0, nan) seem like good enough spellings.

mdickinson · 2015-01-13T09:56:11Z

Note: following the precedent of cmath.e and cmath.pi, cmath.nan and cmath.inf should have type *float*. Let's not get into the business of deciding *which* complex infinities and nans to represent.

serhiy-storchaka · 2015-01-13T09:59:20Z

There are other names which exist only in math, but not in cmath.

>>> sorted(set(dir(math)) - set(dir(cmath)))
['atan2', 'ceil', 'copysign', 'degrees', 'erf', 'erfc', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'hypot', 'inf', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log1p', 'log2', 'modf', 'nan', 'pow', 'radians', 'trunc']

May be complex equivalents of all functions should be added for the same reasons?

mdickinson · 2015-01-13T10:21:03Z

May be complex equivalents of all functions should be added for the same reasons?

(1) This is off-topic for this issue; please open a separate one.

(2) Many of those functions simply don't make sense for complex numbers (for example floor, degrees, etc.), or it's not obvious how to extend them. For those that do make sense (erf, for example), implementing and testing a library-quality version would take a lot of time and effort, and no-one would be interested in the result. It's not worth it.

gvanrossum · 2015-01-13T16:46:12Z

Note: following the precedent of cmath.e and cmath.pi, cmath.nan and
cmath.inf should have type *float*. Let's not get into the business of
deciding *which* complex infinities and nans to represent.

Agreed.

gvanrossum · 2015-01-13T16:53:21Z

Note, the reason I proposed nanj (and infj) is that these are produced by
repr() of complex numbers. Having them in the cmath module provides a place
to document them which will then be searchable.

On Tue, Jan 13, 2015 at 8:46 AM, Guido van Rossum <report@bugs.python.org>
wrote:

Guido van Rossum added the comment:

> Note: following the precedent of cmath.e and cmath.pi, cmath.nan and
cmath.inf should have type *float*. Let's not get into the business of
deciding *which* complex infinities and nans to represent.

Agreed.

----------

Python tracker <report@bugs.python.org>
<http://bugs.python.org/issue23229\>

serhiy-storchaka · 2015-01-13T17:18:00Z

Note, the reason I proposed nanj (and infj) is that these are produced by
repr() of complex numbers. Having them in the cmath module provides a place
to document them which will then be searchable.

Another solution would be to change repr() of complex if imaginary component is not finite number to the form complex(x, y).

mdickinson · 2015-01-13T17:27:32Z

Having them in the cmath module provides a place
to document them which will then be searchable.

Okay, makes sense.

One of the reasons I'm a bit unhappy with the idea of adding infj and nanj is that it seems like an encouragement to expect "eval(repr(z))" to work (i.e., recover the original value of z), and because Python doesn't have strict imaginary numbers (i.e., numbers with no real part at all), that fails:

>>> from math import inf, nan
>>> infj = complex(0.0, inf)
>>> nanj = complex(0.0, nan)
>>> z = complex(0.0, -inf)
>>> w = eval(repr(z))
>>> z
-infj
>>> w  # real part has the "wrong" sign
(-0-infj)

But that's a pretty hollow objection, because this really has nothing to do with inf and nan; it's a problem with finite values, too:

>>> z = complex(0.0, -3.4)
>>> w = eval(repr(z))
>>> z
-3.4j
>>> w
(-0-3.4j)

So I'll add infj and nanj if the consensus is that they're useful.

mdickinson · 2015-01-13T17:31:37Z

Another solution would be to change repr() of complex if imaginary
component is not finite number to the form complex(x, y).

That wouldn't help with the str(), though, unless you're proposing to change that, too.

gvanrossum · 2015-01-13T18:08:38Z

I don't understand why w ends up having -0 as the real part. For floats, at
least, we've done a lot of work to make eval(repr()) roundtrip correctly in
all cases. Is the issue with complex superficial (we should fix eval or
repr) or deep (if we fixed it something else would be broken)?

On Tue, Jan 13, 2015 at 9:27 AM, Mark Dickinson <report@bugs.python.org>
wrote:

Mark Dickinson added the comment:

> Having them in the cmath module provides a place
to document them which will then be searchable.

Okay, makes sense.

One of the reasons I'm a bit unhappy with the idea of adding infj and nanj
is that it seems like an encouragement to expect "eval(repr(z))" to work
(i.e., recover the original value of z), and because Python doesn't have
strict imaginary numbers (i.e., numbers with no real part at all), that
fails:

>>> from math import inf, nan
>>> infj = complex(0.0, inf)
>>> nanj = complex(0.0, nan)
>>> z = complex(0.0, -inf)
>>> w = eval(repr(z))
>>> z
-infj
>>> w # real part has the "wrong" sign
(-0-infj)

But that's a pretty hollow objection, because this really has nothing to
do with inf and nan; it's a problem with finite values, too:

>>> z = complex(0.0, -3.4)
>>> w = eval(repr(z))
>>> z
-3.4j
>>> w
(-0-3.4j)

So I'll add infj and nanj if the consensus is that they're useful.

----------

Python tracker <report@bugs.python.org>
<http://bugs.python.org/issue23229\>

pitrou · 2015-01-13T18:56:47Z

I don't understand why w ends up having -0 as the real part.

Because "-3.4j" is interpreted as "-complex(0, 3.4)".

mdickinson · 2015-01-13T19:24:20Z

Is the issue with complex superficial

Unfortunately not: something like this is fairly inescapable. The problem is that when you do (for example) 5 - 6j you're in effect subtracting complex(0.0, 6.0) from complex(5.0, 0.0): you've invented a real part of 0.0 for the second term and an imaginary part of 0.0 for the first term. And since 0.0 is *not* an identity for addition (-0.0 + 0.0 is 0.0, not -0.0, under the usual rounding modes), signs of zeros tend to get lost.

So the safe way to construct a complex number is to avoid any actual arithmetic by using complex(real_part, imag_part) rather than real_part + imag_part*1j. I rather like Serhiy's idea of making the complex repr have this form, except that the change would probably break existing code. (And the str should really stay in the current expected human-readable format, so the problems with infj and nanj don't go away.)

Another possible "fix" is to introduce a new 'imaginary' type, such that the type of an imaginary literal is now 'imaginary' rather than 'complex', and arithmetic operations like addition can special-case the addition of a float to an 'imaginary' instance to produce a complex number with exactly the right bits. The C standardisation folks already tried this: C99 introduces optional "imaginary" types and a new _Imaginary keyword, but last time I looked almost none of the popular compilers supported those types. (I think Intel's icc might be an exception.) While this works as a technical solution, IMO the cure is worse than the disease; I don't want to think about the user-confusion that would result from having separate "complex" and "imaginary" types.

serhiy-storchaka · 2015-01-13T19:38:01Z

Another possible "fix" is to introduce a new 'imaginary' type, such that the type of an imaginary literal is now 'imaginary' rather than 'complex', and arithmetic operations like addition can special-case the addition of a float to an 'imaginary' instance to produce a complex number with exactly the right bits. The C standardisation folks already tried this: C99 introduces optional "imaginary" types and a new _Imaginary keyword, but last time I looked almost none of the popular compilers supported those types. (I think Intel's icc might be an exception.) While this works as a technical solution, IMO the cure is worse than the disease; I don't want to think about the user-confusion that would result from having separate "complex" and "imaginary" types.

This type should exist only at compile time. Peephole optimizer should replace it with complex after folding constants.

Or may be repr() (and str()) should keep zero real part if imaginary part is negative and output period if real part is zero. For now:

>>> z = complex(0.0, 3.4); z; eval(repr(z))
3.4j
3.4j
>>> z = complex(0.0, -3.4); z; eval(repr(z))
-3.4j
(-0-3.4j)
>>> z = complex(-0.0, 3.4); z; eval(repr(z))
(-0+3.4j)
3.4j
>>> z = complex(-0.0, -3.4); z; eval(repr(z))
(-0-3.4j)
-3.4j

But all this perhaps is offtopic here.

gvanrossum · 2015-01-13T19:42:58Z

OK, let's not try to resolve that issue, we can just note it in the docs.
BTW I don't want repr() of a complex number to use the complex(..., ...)
notation -- it's too verbose.

On Tue, Jan 13, 2015 at 11:38 AM, Serhiy Storchaka <report@bugs.python.org>
wrote:

Serhiy Storchaka added the comment:

> Another possible "fix" is to introduce a new 'imaginary' type, such that
the type of an imaginary literal is now 'imaginary' rather than 'complex',
and arithmetic operations like addition can special-case the addition of a
float to an 'imaginary' instance to produce a complex number with exactly
the right bits. The C standardisation folks already tried this: C99
introduces optional "imaginary" types and a new _Imaginary keyword, but
last time I looked almost none of the popular compilers supported those
types. (I think Intel's icc might be an exception.) While this works as a
technical solution, IMO the cure is worse than the disease; I don't want to
think about the user-confusion that would result from having separate
"complex" and "imaginary" types.

This type should exist only at compile time. Peephole optimizer should
replace it with complex after folding constants.

Or may be repr() (and str()) should keep zero real part if imaginary part
is negative and output period if real part is zero. For now:

>>> z = complex(0.0, 3.4); z; eval(repr(z))
3.4j
3.4j
>>> z = complex(0.0, -3.4); z; eval(repr(z))
-3.4j
(-0-3.4j)
>>> z = complex(-0.0, 3.4); z; eval(repr(z))
(-0+3.4j)
3.4j
>>> z = complex(-0.0, -3.4); z; eval(repr(z))
(-0-3.4j)
-3.4j

But all this perhaps is offtopic here.

----------

Python tracker <report@bugs.python.org>
<http://bugs.python.org/issue23229\>

mdickinson · 2015-01-13T19:52:03Z

This type should exist only at compile time.

But then after doing "x = 5j", "-0.0 + 5j" and "-0.0 + x" would have different values. Yuck!

repr() (and str()) should keep zero real part if imaginary part is negative and output period if real part is zero

Sorry, I don't see how this helps. What do you want the repr of (for example) "complex(-0.0, 5.0)" to be, and why? What about the cases with 0 in the imaginary part?

mdickinson · 2015-01-13T19:53:30Z

BTW I don't want repr() of a complex number to use the complex(..., ...)
notation -- it's too verbose.

Okay, fair enough.

serhiy-storchaka · 2015-01-13T20:28:23Z

Sorry, I don't see how this helps. What do you want the repr of (for example) "complex(-0.0, 5.0)" to be, and why? What about the cases with 0 in the imaginary part?

Ah, it doesn't help in this case. It helps only when the imaginary part is negative.

>>> eval('(-0.0-5j)')
(-0-5j)
>>> eval('(-0-5j)')
-5j

mdickinson · 2016-08-21T19:33:48Z

Here's a patch that adds inf, infj, nan and nanj.

python-dev · 2016-08-29T12:57:14Z

New changeset 4b25da63d1d0 by Mark Dickinson in branch 'default':
bpo-23229: add cmath.inf, cmath.nan, cmath.infj and cmath.nanj.
https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/4b25da63d1d0

mdickinson self-assigned this Jan 13, 2015

mdickinson added extension-modules C modules in the Modules dir type-feature A feature request or enhancement labels Jan 13, 2015

vstinner changed the title ~~add inf and nan to cmath module~~ add inf, nan, infj, nanj to cmath module Jan 13, 2015

mdickinson closed this as completed Aug 29, 2016

ezio-melotti transferred this issue from another repository Apr 10, 2022

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add inf, nan, infj, nanj to cmath module #67418

add inf, nan, infj, nanj to cmath module #67418

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add inf, nan, infj, nanj to cmath module #67418

add inf, nan, infj, nanj to cmath module #67418

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mdickinson commented Jan 13, 2015

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