If the stdin/out file descriptors are too large to be used with
select(), subprocess will fail in .communicate(). Example:

# raise the fd limit to something like 2048 before running this
import subprocess
somefiles = [open("/etc/passwd") for i in xrange(2000)]
print subprocess.Popen(["date"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()

The solution would be to use select.poll() in subprocess instead.

I don't understand the problem. If you open a lot of files, the open() 
loop will stop an exception (IOError: too many open files), and so 
subprocess is not used.

If I open <limit>-1 files, subprocess._get_handles() will fail on 
os.pipe().

If I open <limit>-4 files, the script doesn't fail.

I'm using Linux. Here is my script:
---
# open <limit>-4 files
import subprocess
files = []
while 1:
    try:
        newfile = open("/etc/passwd")
    except IOError, err:
        print "ERR: %s" % err
        break
    files.append(newfile)

# use -3 to get an error
for file in files[-4:]:
    print "close"
    file.close()

# success
subprocess.Popen(["date"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()
---

As the comment in the original bug report said, you need to raise the
file descriptor limit to something well above 2000 before running the
test case.

Needless to say, you may need to do that part as root in case that would
exceed your hard RLIMIT_NOFILE limit.

I also ran into this bug.  

In my case I'm able to work around this by "reserving" some fds at the
start of my program (open 20 reserved fds, open 2000 real fds, close 20
reserved fds), but this is both a kludge and not a general solution.

Probably virtually all uses of 'select' (both in Python and C) should be
replaced under Linux with poll or epoll.

(Also, until/unless this is fixed, it'd be nice to mention it in the
'communicate' doc.)

Hi,

This is a patch that uses poll() in subprocess.communicate() if it is
available.  This is my first patch and may contain style errors.  I try
to conform to PEP 8 as close as I can.

Besides the discussion here, I would like to add this is desired because
select() has its own limit on the file descriptor size, in FD_SETSIZE. 
Unix has a different limit on the largest file descriptor, in 'ulimit
-n'.  When the select() limit is smaller than the ulimit limit, it is
not hard to get a file descriptor that is beyond FD_SETSIZE.  In that
case select() simply does not work.  Since there is no precise way to
force file descriptor to be small, the only workaround seems to be hack
like what hte first poster yorick suggests.

This is tested via 'python regrtest.py -w test_subprocess' under a
system that supports poll().  I don't have a system that does *not*
support poll, but I've done some manual edits to force that code path
and test it as well.  The test passes, which I think should be good
enough as it has several tests on communicate().

This patch is against 2.6.

The patch looks all right in general. I would use something like

if "poll" in dir(select)

instead of catching AttributeError which risks hiding bugs in 
_communicate_with_poll().

PEP8 probably wants spaces around the bitwise-or operator.

Some systems cannot use TTYs in poll(2) but this should not be a 
problem here - there is no point in using .communicate() with stdin/
stdout/stderr set to anything but PIPE, right?

My original report didn't mention it specifically, but I believe I was
hitting the FD_SETSIZE limit that Frank mentioned.  (Thanks for working
on this!)

Updated with new patch.  I moved the try: except logic in the module
initialization step so I get a global has_poll, similar to the global
mswindows already there.

I now use a try/except/else to be more robust (not needed now since it's
only "has_poll = True", but I think it's better code.

The patch looks good to me, but I don't use Linux regularly. Another review 
is needed!

Your patch looks pretty good.  I cleaned up a few things in it and added
a unittest (the existing test suite is run with both select and poll).

Committed to trunk in r73825.

I am leaving the issue open until this is ported and merged into py3k as
well as backported to release26-maint and release31-maint.

Merged to py3k in r73833.

Thanks!  Good to hear it's checked in finally :-).

Frank

On Fri, Jul 3, 2009 at 7:47 PM, Gregory P. Smith <report@bugs.python.org>wrote:

>
> Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org> added the comment:
>
> Merged to py3k in r73833.
>
> ----------
>
> _______________________________________
> Python tracker <report@bugs.python.org>
> <http://bugs.python.org/issue3392>
> _______________________________________
>

Unfortunately, this change has broken windows support of the subprocess
module, which now reports, on "import subprocess".

>>> import subprocess
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\loewis\31\python\lib\subprocess.py", line 390, in <module>
    _PIPE_BUF = getattr(select, 'PIPE_BUF', 512)
NameError: name 'select' is not defined

As a consequence, even building Python on Windows now fails, so setting
the priority to "release blocker". One solution would be to move the
"import select" to being top-level.

r73916 appears to fix this?

merged into release31-maint in r74425.

reopen the issue if this doesn't fix the problem.

I will retag 3.1.1rc then...