Python 2 has a wrong artificial limit on the amount of memory that can be allocated in ctypes via sequence repeating (i.e. using create_string_buffer or c_char * <large number>)

The problem is practical in Windows 64 bit, when running python 64 bit, since in that platform the sys.maxint is 2GB and while sys.maxsize is as large as in other platforms, trying to allocate more than 2GB of memory results in a different exception than other platforms (where sys.maxint = sys.maxsize):

Python 2.7.11 (v2.7.11:6d1b6a68f775, Dec  5 2015, 20:40:30) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
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>>> import sys, ctypes
>>> ctypes.c_char * (sys.maxint + 1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: class must define a '_length_' attribute, which must be a positive integer

>>> ctypes.create_string_buffer(sys.maxint + 1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "c:\Python27-64\lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 65, in create_string_buffer
    buftype = c_char * init
AttributeError: class must define a '_length_' attribute, which must be a positive integer

on other platforms you get:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
OverflowError: cannot fit 'long' into an index-sized integer

Thus to allocate more than 2GB, you need to use other methods (numpy or something else).

From my reading of the code, I assume the bug is this line:
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/2.7/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c#L1388

Where the code checks if _length_ is an integer (PyInt_Check). As soon as the number is bigger than sys.maxint, it's a long, and while it's a valid size for the platform (< sys.maxsize), it will bork there. Since this seems like an artificial limit, I think it should be fixed, since it's practical to allocate this sizes on 64 bit systems for some applications.

Python 3 has no issue, since it has no int type :)

AFAIK this only affects Windows. It looks like a relatively simple fix. In PyCArrayType_new, change the declaration of `length` to Py_ssize_t to match the definition StgDictObject.length; ensure the _length_ attribute is an index via PyIndex_Check instead of PyInt_Check; and call PyNumber_AsSsize_t instead of PyInt_AS_LONG.

It was fixed in issue16865.