Checked out the latest Python from mercurial. Running on Debian 7.3 (x64), fully patched:

$ ./configure --disable-ipv6
...
$ make
...
python3.4 ./Parser/asdl_c.py -h Include ./Parser/Python.asdl
/usr/local/bin/clang -c -Wno-unused-result -Werror=declaration-after-statement -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g3 -fsanitize=undefined -g3 -fsanitize=undefined   -I. -IInclude -I./Include    -DPy_BUILD_CORE -o Modules/python.o ./Modules/python.c
In file included from ./Modules/python.c:3:
In file included from Include/Python.h:50:
Include/pyport.h:261:13: error: "This platform's pyconfig.h needs to define
      PY_FORMAT_LONG_LONG"
#           error "This platform's pyconfig.h needs to define PY_FORMAT_...
            ^
1 error generated.
make: *** [Modules/python.o] Error 1

**********
$ uname -a
Linux debian-q500 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.54-2 x86_64 GNU/Linux

$ cpp -dM < /dev/null | sort
#define __amd64 1
#define __amd64__ 1
#define __ATOMIC_ACQ_REL 4
#define __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE 2
#define __ATOMIC_CONSUME 1
#define __ATOMIC_RELAXED 0
#define __ATOMIC_RELEASE 3
#define __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST 5
#define __BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT__ 16
#define __BYTE_ORDER__ __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
#define __CHAR16_TYPE__ short unsigned int
#define __CHAR32_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __CHAR_BIT__ 8
#define __DBL_DECIMAL_DIG__ 17
#define __DBL_DENORM_MIN__ ((double)4.94065645841246544177e-324L)
#define __DBL_DIG__ 15
#define __DBL_EPSILON__ ((double)2.22044604925031308085e-16L)
#define __DBL_HAS_DENORM__ 1
#define __DBL_HAS_INFINITY__ 1
#define __DBL_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1
#define __DBL_MANT_DIG__ 53
#define __DBL_MAX_10_EXP__ 308
#define __DBL_MAX__ ((double)1.79769313486231570815e+308L)
#define __DBL_MAX_EXP__ 1024
#define __DBL_MIN_10_EXP__ (-307)
#define __DBL_MIN__ ((double)2.22507385850720138309e-308L)
#define __DBL_MIN_EXP__ (-1021)
#define __DEC128_EPSILON__ 1E-33DL
#define __DEC128_MANT_DIG__ 34
#define __DEC128_MAX__ 9.999999999999999999999999999999999E6144DL
#define __DEC128_MAX_EXP__ 6145
#define __DEC128_MIN__ 1E-6143DL
#define __DEC128_MIN_EXP__ (-6142)
#define __DEC128_SUBNORMAL_MIN__ 0.000000000000000000000000000000001E-6143DL
#define __DEC32_EPSILON__ 1E-6DF
#define __DEC32_MANT_DIG__ 7
#define __DEC32_MAX__ 9.999999E96DF
#define __DEC32_MAX_EXP__ 97
#define __DEC32_MIN__ 1E-95DF
#define __DEC32_MIN_EXP__ (-94)
#define __DEC32_SUBNORMAL_MIN__ 0.000001E-95DF
#define __DEC64_EPSILON__ 1E-15DD
#define __DEC64_MANT_DIG__ 16
#define __DEC64_MAX__ 9.999999999999999E384DD
#define __DEC64_MAX_EXP__ 385
#define __DEC64_MIN__ 1E-383DD
#define __DEC64_MIN_EXP__ (-382)
#define __DEC64_SUBNORMAL_MIN__ 0.000000000000001E-383DD
#define __DEC_EVAL_METHOD__ 2
#define __DECIMAL_BID_FORMAT__ 1
#define __DECIMAL_DIG__ 21
#define __ELF__ 1
#define __FINITE_MATH_ONLY__ 0
#define __FLOAT_WORD_ORDER__ __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
#define __FLT_DECIMAL_DIG__ 9
#define __FLT_DENORM_MIN__ 1.40129846432481707092e-45F
#define __FLT_DIG__ 6
#define __FLT_EPSILON__ 1.19209289550781250000e-7F
#define __FLT_EVAL_METHOD__ 0
#define __FLT_HAS_DENORM__ 1
#define __FLT_HAS_INFINITY__ 1
#define __FLT_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1
#define __FLT_MANT_DIG__ 24
#define __FLT_MAX_10_EXP__ 38
#define __FLT_MAX__ 3.40282346638528859812e+38F
#define __FLT_MAX_EXP__ 128
#define __FLT_MIN_10_EXP__ (-37)
#define __FLT_MIN__ 1.17549435082228750797e-38F
#define __FLT_MIN_EXP__ (-125)
#define __FLT_RADIX__ 2
#define __GCC_ATOMIC_BOOL_LOCK_FREE 2
#define __GCC_ATOMIC_CHAR16_T_LOCK_FREE 2
#define __GCC_ATOMIC_CHAR32_T_LOCK_FREE 2
#define __GCC_ATOMIC_CHAR_LOCK_FREE 2
#define __GCC_ATOMIC_INT_LOCK_FREE 2
#define __GCC_ATOMIC_LLONG_LOCK_FREE 2
#define __GCC_ATOMIC_LONG_LOCK_FREE 2
#define __GCC_ATOMIC_POINTER_LOCK_FREE 2
#define __GCC_ATOMIC_SHORT_LOCK_FREE 2
#define __GCC_ATOMIC_TEST_AND_SET_TRUEVAL 1
#define __GCC_ATOMIC_WCHAR_T_LOCK_FREE 2
#define __GCC_HAVE_DWARF2_CFI_ASM 1
#define __GCC_HAVE_SYNC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_1 1
#define __GCC_HAVE_SYNC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_2 1
#define __GCC_HAVE_SYNC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_4 1
#define __GCC_HAVE_SYNC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_8 1
#define __GNUC__ 4
#define __GNUC_GNU_INLINE__ 1
#define __GNUC_MINOR__ 7
#define __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ 2
#define __gnu_linux__ 1
#define __GXX_ABI_VERSION 1002
#define __INT16_C(c) c
#define __INT16_MAX__ 32767
#define __INT16_TYPE__ short int
#define __INT32_C(c) c
#define __INT32_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __INT32_TYPE__ int
#define __INT64_C(c) c ## L
#define __INT64_MAX__ 9223372036854775807L
#define __INT64_TYPE__ long int
#define __INT8_C(c) c
#define __INT8_MAX__ 127
#define __INT8_TYPE__ signed char
#define __INT_FAST16_MAX__ 9223372036854775807L
#define __INT_FAST16_TYPE__ long int
#define __INT_FAST32_MAX__ 9223372036854775807L
#define __INT_FAST32_TYPE__ long int
#define __INT_FAST64_MAX__ 9223372036854775807L
#define __INT_FAST64_TYPE__ long int
#define __INT_FAST8_MAX__ 127
#define __INT_FAST8_TYPE__ signed char
#define __INT_LEAST16_MAX__ 32767
#define __INT_LEAST16_TYPE__ short int
#define __INT_LEAST32_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __INT_LEAST32_TYPE__ int
#define __INT_LEAST64_MAX__ 9223372036854775807L
#define __INT_LEAST64_TYPE__ long int
#define __INT_LEAST8_MAX__ 127
#define __INT_LEAST8_TYPE__ signed char
#define __INT_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __INTMAX_C(c) c ## L
#define __INTMAX_MAX__ 9223372036854775807L
#define __INTMAX_TYPE__ long int
#define __INTPTR_MAX__ 9223372036854775807L
#define __INTPTR_TYPE__ long int
#define __k8 1
#define __k8__ 1
#define __LDBL_DENORM_MIN__ 3.64519953188247460253e-4951L
#define __LDBL_DIG__ 18
#define __LDBL_EPSILON__ 1.08420217248550443401e-19L
#define __LDBL_HAS_DENORM__ 1
#define __LDBL_HAS_INFINITY__ 1
#define __LDBL_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1
#define __LDBL_MANT_DIG__ 64
#define __LDBL_MAX_10_EXP__ 4932
#define __LDBL_MAX__ 1.18973149535723176502e+4932L
#define __LDBL_MAX_EXP__ 16384
#define __LDBL_MIN_10_EXP__ (-4931)
#define __LDBL_MIN__ 3.36210314311209350626e-4932L
#define __LDBL_MIN_EXP__ (-16381)
#define __linux 1
#define __linux__ 1
#define linux 1
#define __LONG_LONG_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL
#define __LONG_MAX__ 9223372036854775807L
#define __LP64__ 1
#define _LP64 1
#define __MMX__ 1
#define __NO_INLINE__ 1
#define __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ 4321
#define __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ 1234
#define __ORDER_PDP_ENDIAN__ 3412
#define __PRAGMA_REDEFINE_EXTNAME 1
#define __PTRDIFF_MAX__ 9223372036854775807L
#define __PTRDIFF_TYPE__ long int
#define __REGISTER_PREFIX__ 
#define __SCHAR_MAX__ 127
#define __SHRT_MAX__ 32767
#define __SIG_ATOMIC_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __SIG_ATOMIC_MIN__ (-__SIG_ATOMIC_MAX__ - 1)
#define __SIG_ATOMIC_TYPE__ int
#define __SIZE_MAX__ 18446744073709551615UL
#define __SIZEOF_DOUBLE__ 8
#define __SIZEOF_FLOAT__ 4
#define __SIZEOF_INT128__ 16
#define __SIZEOF_INT__ 4
#define __SIZEOF_LONG__ 8
#define __SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE__ 16
#define __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__ 8
#define __SIZEOF_POINTER__ 8
#define __SIZEOF_PTRDIFF_T__ 8
#define __SIZEOF_SHORT__ 2
#define __SIZEOF_SIZE_T__ 8
#define __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ 4
#define __SIZEOF_WINT_T__ 4
#define __SIZE_TYPE__ long unsigned int
#define __SSE__ 1
#define __SSE2__ 1
#define __SSE2_MATH__ 1
#define __SSE_MATH__ 1
#define __STDC__ 1
#define __STDC_HOSTED__ 1
#define __UINT16_C(c) c
#define __UINT16_MAX__ 65535
#define __UINT16_TYPE__ short unsigned int
#define __UINT32_C(c) c ## U
#define __UINT32_MAX__ 4294967295U
#define __UINT32_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __UINT64_C(c) c ## UL
#define __UINT64_MAX__ 18446744073709551615UL
#define __UINT64_TYPE__ long unsigned int
#define __UINT8_C(c) c
#define __UINT8_MAX__ 255
#define __UINT8_TYPE__ unsigned char
#define __UINT_FAST16_MAX__ 18446744073709551615UL
#define __UINT_FAST16_TYPE__ long unsigned int
#define __UINT_FAST32_MAX__ 18446744073709551615UL
#define __UINT_FAST32_TYPE__ long unsigned int
#define __UINT_FAST64_MAX__ 18446744073709551615UL
#define __UINT_FAST64_TYPE__ long unsigned int
#define __UINT_FAST8_MAX__ 255
#define __UINT_FAST8_TYPE__ unsigned char
#define __UINT_LEAST16_MAX__ 65535
#define __UINT_LEAST16_TYPE__ short unsigned int
#define __UINT_LEAST32_MAX__ 4294967295U
#define __UINT_LEAST32_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __UINT_LEAST64_MAX__ 18446744073709551615UL
#define __UINT_LEAST64_TYPE__ long unsigned int
#define __UINT_LEAST8_MAX__ 255
#define __UINT_LEAST8_TYPE__ unsigned char
#define __UINTMAX_C(c) c ## UL
#define __UINTMAX_MAX__ 18446744073709551615UL
#define __UINTMAX_TYPE__ long unsigned int
#define __UINTPTR_MAX__ 18446744073709551615UL
#define __UINTPTR_TYPE__ long unsigned int
#define __unix 1
#define __unix__ 1
#define unix 1
#define __USER_LABEL_PREFIX__ 
#define __VERSION__ "4.7.2"
#define __WCHAR_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __WCHAR_MIN__ (-__WCHAR_MAX__ - 1)
#define __WCHAR_TYPE__ int
#define __WINT_MAX__ 4294967295U
#define __WINT_MIN__ 0U
#define __WINT_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __x86_64 1
#define __x86_64__ 1

Defining PY_FORMAT_LONG_LONG had a side effect:

/usr/local/bin/clang -c -Wno-unused-result -Werror=declaration-after-statement -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g3 -fsanitize=undefined -DPY_FORMAT_LONG_LONG=1 -g3 -fsanitize=undefined -DPY_FORMAT_LONG_LONG=1   -I. -IInclude -I./Include    -DPy_BUILD_CORE -o Objects/unicodeobject.o Objects/unicodeobject.c
Objects/unicodeobject.c:2325:15: warning: incompatible integer to pointer
      conversion initializing 'char *' with an expression of type 'int'
      [-Wint-conversion]
        char *f = PY_FORMAT_LONG_LONG;
              ^   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
*****

export CC=/usr/local/bin/clang
export CXX=/usr/local/bin/clang++
export CFLAGS="-g3 -fsanitize=undefined -DPY_FORMAT_LONG_LONG=1"
export CXXFLAGS="-g3 -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr -DPY_FORMAT_LONG_LONG=1"
...

./configure --disable-ipv6

make

You probably need to define it to be "ll".

> You probably need to define it to be "ll".

Ah, OK. It was tricky trying to pass in a quoted string *with* the quotes to the preprocessor without the stringify stuff. I found it easier to open the file and just hard code what was needed.

Thanks again for the help.

If a stable version fails to build within a modern environment that has everything installed, then according to my understanding 

THERE IS A BUG

That is to say, the current resolution, "not a bug", does not match with my understanding of this world. The whole console output is at the attached file, but here's an excerpt:

----citation---start---
s2@linux-0fiz:~/m_local/bin_p/Python/kompil/Python-3.5.2$ time nice -n20 ./configure --prefix=/home/ts2/m_local/bin_p/Python/v_3_5_2 --with-address-sanitizer --with-valgrind --disable-ipv6
configure: loading site script /usr/share/site/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for --enable-universalsdk... no
checking for --with-universal-archs... no
checking MACHDEP... linux
checking for --without-gcc... no
checking for --with-icc... no
checking for gcc... clang
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
...
blablabla
...
real	0m32.365s
user	0m11.880s
sys	0m12.194s
ts2@linux-0fiz:~/m_local/bin_p/Python/kompil/Python-3.5.2$ time nice -n20 make
clang -pthread -c -fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer  -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=1 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -mtune=native -ftree-vectorize   -mtune=native -ftree-vectorize   -Werror=declaration-after-statement   -I. -IInclude -I./Include    -DPy_BUILD_CORE -o Programs/python.o ./Programs/python.c
In file included from ./Programs/python.c:3:
In file included from Include/Python.h:50:
Include/pyport.h:261:13: error: "This platform's pyconfig.h needs to define PY_FORMAT_LONG_LONG"
#           error "This platform's pyconfig.h needs to define PY_FORMAT_LONG_LONG"
            ^
1 error generated.
Makefile:773: recipe for target 'Programs/python.o' failed
make: *** [Programs/python.o] Error 1

real	0m0.170s
user	0m0.083s
sys	0m0.022s
ts2@linux-0fiz:~/m_local/bin_p/Python/kompil/Python-3.5.2$ uname -a
Linux linux-0fiz 3.16.7-35-desktop #1 SMP PREEMPT Sun Feb 7 17:32:21 UTC 2016 (832c776) x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
ts2@linux-0fiz:~/m_local/bin_p/Python/kompil/Python-3.5.2$ date
Thu Aug  4 06:03:19 EEST 2016
ts2@linux-0fiz:~/m_local/bin_p/Python/kompil/Python-3.5.2$
----citation---end---