I assume there is some incompatibility in the maverick's C runtime, but getting a segfault only on the python binaries from python.org.

Version shipped by Apple OS X 10.9 Mavericks:

~❯ python2.7
Python 2.7.5 (default, Sep 12 2013, 21:33:34)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 5.0 (clang-500.0.68)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> foo = {}
>>> foo[{}] = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unhashable type: 'dict'
>>>

2.7 binary installed from python.org:

~❯ /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python
Python 2.7.5 (v2.7.5:ab05e7dd2788, May 13 2013, 13:18:45)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> foo = {}
>>> foo[{}] = 1
[1]    4517 segmentation fault  /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python

3.3 binary installed from python.org:

Python 3.3.2 (v3.3.2:d047928ae3f6, May 13 2013, 13:52:24)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> foo = {}
>>> foo[{}] = 1
[1]    1898 segmentation fault  python

Sure looks like the bug where virtually _any_ two lines entered in the shell cause a segfault.

Betting this is a duplicate of:

http://bugs.python.org/issue18458

It is a duplicate.  Fixed in 3.3.3 and 2.7.6.

P.S. See that issue for a workaround.  Also release candidate installers for 3.3.3 and 2.7.6 are now available with final releases very soon.