The following code triggers the bug:

#!/usr/bin/python3.3
#-*- coding: latin1 -*-
from email.message import Message
from email import policy
from email.parser import FeedParser

Parser= FeedParser(policy=policy.SMTP)
Parser.feed('From jarausch@igpm.rwth-aachen.de  Tue Apr 24 15:09:24 2012\n')
Parser.feed('X-Status:    \n')  # this triggers the bug
Parser.feed('From: Helmut Jarausch <jarausch@igpm.rwth-aachen.de>\n')

Msg= Parser.close()
Msg_as_str= Msg.as_string(unixfrom=True)

This triggers
  File "Email_Parse_Bug.py", line 13, in <module>
    Msg_as_str= Msg.as_string(unixfrom=True)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.3/email/message.py", line 151, in as_string
    g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.3/email/generator.py", line 112, in flatten
    self._write(msg)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.3/email/generator.py", line 171, in _write
    self._write_headers(msg)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.3/email/generator.py", line 198, in _write_headers
    self.write(self.policy.fold(h, v))
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.3/email/policy.py", line 153, in fold
    return self._fold(name, value, refold_binary=True)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.3/email/policy.py", line 176, in _fold
    (len(lines[0])+len(name)+2 > maxlen or
IndexError: list index out of range


If I strip the '\n' from the lines feeded to the Parser,
the bug does not occur.

Thanks for looking into it,
Helmut.

This is with  Python 3.3.0+ 3.3:ccc372b37fbb+

Thanks for the report.

We thought we fixed this once already (in issue 11401).  It looks like that only fixed the "old" folding algorithm, and that the new one has the same bug.  I thought the test ran against both algorithms, but I must have made a mistake.

New changeset e64b74227198 by R David Murray in branch '3.3':
#16811: Fix folding of headers with no value in provisional policies.
http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/e64b74227198

New changeset fe7f3e2e49ce by R David Murray in branch 'default':
Merge #16811: Fix folding of headers with no value in provisional policies.
http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/fe7f3e2e49ce

Fixed, thanks.  There are some other issues with folding values consisting of only blanks, but I'll deal with that in the context of other issues.  With this fix the new folding algorithm works at least as well as the old folding algorithm on blank values.

New changeset 4553dfcafac7 by R David Murray in branch '3.3':
News item for issue #16811 fix.
http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/4553dfcafac7

New changeset 68be406e76e1 by R David Murray in branch 'default':
Merge: News item for issue #16811 fix.
http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/68be406e76e1

seems like this happens still, if the CC header starts with a new line character.

Python 3.4.3

Please open a new issue and provide a reproducer.  Thanks.