Index: Lib/random.py
===================================================================
--- Lib/random.py	(revision 58178)
+++ Lib/random.py	(working copy)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 
     """
 
-    VERSION = 2     # used by getstate/setstate
+    VERSION = 3     # used by getstate/setstate
 
     def __init__(self, x=None):
         """Initialize an instance.
@@ -120,9 +120,20 @@
     def setstate(self, state):
         """Restore internal state from object returned by getstate()."""
         version = state[0]
-        if version == 2:
+        if version == 3:
             version, internalstate, self.gauss_next = state
             super(Random, self).setstate(internalstate)
+        elif version == 2:
+            version, internalstate, self.gauss_next = state
+            # In version 2, the state was saved as signed ints, which causes
+            #   inconsistencies between 32/64-bit systems. The state is
+            #   really unsigned 32-bit ints, so we convert negative ints from
+            #   version 2 to positive longs for version 3.
+            try:
+                internalstate = tuple( long(x) % (2**32) for x in internalstate )
+            except ValueError, e:
+                raise TypeError, e
+            super(Random, self).setstate(internalstate)
         else:
             raise ValueError("state with version %s passed to "
                              "Random.setstate() of version %s" %
Index: Modules/_randommodule.c
===================================================================
--- Modules/_randommodule.c	(revision 58178)
+++ Modules/_randommodule.c	(working copy)
@@ -319,12 +319,12 @@
 	if (state == NULL)
 		return NULL;
 	for (i=0; i<N ; i++) {
-		element = PyInt_FromLong((long)(self->state[i]));
+		element = PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(self->state[i]);
 		if (element == NULL)
 			goto Fail;
 		PyTuple_SET_ITEM(state, i, element);
 	}
-	element = PyInt_FromLong((long)(self->index));
+	element = PyLong_FromLong((long)(self->index));
 	if (element == NULL)
 		goto Fail;
 	PyTuple_SET_ITEM(state, i, element);
@@ -339,7 +339,8 @@
 random_setstate(RandomObject *self, PyObject *state)
 {
 	int i;
-	long element;
+	unsigned long element;
+	long index;
 
 	if (!PyTuple_Check(state)) {
 		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -353,16 +354,16 @@
 	}
 
 	for (i=0; i<N ; i++) {
-		element = PyInt_AsLong(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(state, i));
+		element = PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(state, i));
 		if (element == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
 			return NULL;
-		self->state[i] = (unsigned long)element;
+		self->state[i] = element & 0xffffffffUL; /* Make sure we get sane state */
 	}
 
-	element = PyInt_AsLong(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(state, i));
-	if (element == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
+	index = PyLong_AsLong(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(state, i));
+	if (index == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
 		return NULL;
-	self->index = (int)element;
+	self->index = (int)index;
 
 	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
 	return Py_None;