diff -r 2f0716009132 Doc/library/stdtypes.rst
--- a/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst	Tue Jul 12 18:24:25 2016 -0400
+++ b/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst	Wed Jul 13 17:41:57 2016 +0800
@@ -2648,6 +2648,9 @@
       >>> b'read this short text'.translate(None, b'aeiou')
       b'rd ths shrt txt'
 
+   .. versionadded:: 3.6
+      *delete* is now supported as keyword arguments.
+
 
 The following methods on bytes and bytearray objects have default behaviours
 that assume the use of ASCII compatible binary formats, but can still be used
diff -r 2f0716009132 Lib/test/test_bytes.py
--- a/Lib/test/test_bytes.py	Tue Jul 12 18:24:25 2016 -0400
+++ b/Lib/test/test_bytes.py	Wed Jul 13 17:41:57 2016 +0800
@@ -1436,6 +1436,17 @@
         self.assertEqual(c, b'hllo')
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, b.translate, None, None)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, ba.translate, None, None)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.translate, bytes(range(255)))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ba.translate, bytes(range(255)))
+        # test delete as keyword arguments
+        c = b.translate(rosetta)
+        self.assertEqual(c, b'helle')
+        c = ba.translate(rosetta)
+        self.assertEqual(c, b'helle')
+        c = b.translate(rosetta, delete=b'l')
+        self.assertEqual(c, b'hee')
+        c = ba.translate(rosetta, delete=b'l')
+        self.assertEqual(c, b'hee')
 
     def test_split_bytearray(self):
         self.assertEqual(b'a b'.split(memoryview(b' ')), [b'a', b'b'])
diff -r 2f0716009132 Objects/bytearrayobject.c
--- a/Objects/bytearrayobject.c	Tue Jul 12 18:24:25 2016 -0400
+++ b/Objects/bytearrayobject.c	Wed Jul 13 17:41:57 2016 +0800
@@ -1177,10 +1177,8 @@
 
     table: object
         Translation table, which must be a bytes object of length 256.
-    [
-    deletechars: object
-    ]
     /
+    delete: object = NULL
 
 Return a copy with each character mapped by the given translation table.
 
@@ -1190,8 +1188,8 @@
 
 static PyObject *
 bytearray_translate_impl(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *table,
-                         int group_right_1, PyObject *deletechars)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=2bebc86a9a1ff083 input=846a01671bccc1c5]*/
+                         PyObject *delete)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=374d10352682f8c8 input=69009f2dfb8a70ae]*/
 {
     char *input, *output;
     const char *table_chars;
@@ -1218,8 +1216,8 @@
         table_chars = (const char*)vtable.buf;
     }
 
-    if (deletechars != NULL) {
-        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(deletechars, &vdel, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+    if (delete != NULL) {
+        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(delete, &vdel, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
             if (table != NULL)
                 PyBuffer_Release(&vtable);
             return NULL;
@@ -1260,8 +1258,7 @@
     for (i = inlen; --i >= 0; ) {
         c = Py_CHARMASK(*input++);
         if (trans_table[c] != -1)
-            if (Py_CHARMASK(*output++ = (char)trans_table[c]) == c)
-                    continue;
+            *output++ = (char)trans_table[c];
     }
     /* Fix the size of the resulting string */
     if (inlen > 0)
@@ -1273,7 +1270,7 @@
 done:
     if (table != NULL)
         PyBuffer_Release(&vtable);
-    if (deletechars != NULL)
+    if (delete != NULL)
         PyBuffer_Release(&vdel);
     return result;
 }
diff -r 2f0716009132 Objects/bytesobject.c
--- a/Objects/bytesobject.c	Tue Jul 12 18:24:25 2016 -0400
+++ b/Objects/bytesobject.c	Wed Jul 13 17:41:57 2016 +0800
@@ -2045,10 +2045,8 @@
 
     table: object
         Translation table, which must be a bytes object of length 256.
-    [
-    deletechars: object
-    ]
     /
+    delete: object = NULL
 
 Return a copy with each character mapped by the given translation table.
 
@@ -2057,9 +2055,8 @@
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_translate_impl(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *table, int group_right_1,
-                     PyObject *deletechars)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=233df850eb50bf8d input=ca20edf39d780d49]*/
+bytes_translate_impl(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *table, PyObject *delete)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=5770495170a36287 input=36460c033ccae26b]*/
 {
     char *input, *output;
     Py_buffer table_view = {NULL, NULL};
@@ -2094,13 +2091,13 @@
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (deletechars != NULL) {
-        if (PyBytes_Check(deletechars)) {
-            del_table_chars = PyBytes_AS_STRING(deletechars);
-            dellen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(deletechars);
+    if (delete != NULL) {
+        if (PyBytes_Check(delete)) {
+            del_table_chars = PyBytes_AS_STRING(delete);
+            dellen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(delete);
         }
         else {
-            if (PyObject_GetBuffer(deletechars, &del_table_view, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+            if (PyObject_GetBuffer(delete, &del_table_view, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
                 PyBuffer_Release(&table_view);
                 return NULL;
             }
diff -r 2f0716009132 Objects/clinic/bytearrayobject.c.h
--- a/Objects/clinic/bytearrayobject.c.h	Tue Jul 12 18:24:25 2016 -0400
+++ b/Objects/clinic/bytearrayobject.c.h	Wed Jul 13 17:41:57 2016 +0800
@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(bytearray_translate__doc__,
-"translate(table, [deletechars])\n"
+"translate($self, table, /, delete=None)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
 "Return a copy with each character mapped by the given translation table.\n"
 "\n"
 "  table\n"
@@ -49,37 +51,25 @@
 "The remaining characters are mapped through the given translation table.");
 
 #define BYTEARRAY_TRANSLATE_METHODDEF    \
-    {"translate", (PyCFunction)bytearray_translate, METH_VARARGS, bytearray_translate__doc__},
+    {"translate", (PyCFunction)bytearray_translate, METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, bytearray_translate__doc__},
 
 static PyObject *
 bytearray_translate_impl(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *table,
-                         int group_right_1, PyObject *deletechars);
+                         PyObject *delete);
 
 static PyObject *
-bytearray_translate(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args)
+bytearray_translate(PyByteArrayObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    static char *_keywords[] = {"", "delete", NULL};
     PyObject *table;
-    int group_right_1 = 0;
-    PyObject *deletechars = NULL;
+    PyObject *delete = NULL;
 
-    switch (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args)) {
-        case 1:
-            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:translate", &table)) {
-                goto exit;
-            }
-            break;
-        case 2:
-            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO:translate", &table, &deletechars)) {
-                goto exit;
-            }
-            group_right_1 = 1;
-            break;
-        default:
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "bytearray.translate requires 1 to 2 arguments");
-            goto exit;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O|O:translate", _keywords,
+        &table, &delete)) {
+        goto exit;
     }
-    return_value = bytearray_translate_impl(self, table, group_right_1, deletechars);
+    return_value = bytearray_translate_impl(self, table, delete);
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -716,4 +706,4 @@
 {
     return bytearray_sizeof_impl(self);
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=a32f183ebef159cc input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=fdd00a8b478e4b8d input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff -r 2f0716009132 Objects/clinic/bytesobject.c.h
--- a/Objects/clinic/bytesobject.c.h	Tue Jul 12 18:24:25 2016 -0400
+++ b/Objects/clinic/bytesobject.c.h	Wed Jul 13 17:41:57 2016 +0800
@@ -267,7 +267,9 @@
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(bytes_translate__doc__,
-"translate(table, [deletechars])\n"
+"translate($self, table, /, delete=None)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
 "Return a copy with each character mapped by the given translation table.\n"
 "\n"
 "  table\n"
@@ -277,37 +279,24 @@
 "The remaining characters are mapped through the given translation table.");
 
 #define BYTES_TRANSLATE_METHODDEF    \
-    {"translate", (PyCFunction)bytes_translate, METH_VARARGS, bytes_translate__doc__},
+    {"translate", (PyCFunction)bytes_translate, METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, bytes_translate__doc__},
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_translate_impl(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *table, int group_right_1,
-                     PyObject *deletechars);
+bytes_translate_impl(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *table, PyObject *delete);
 
 static PyObject *
-bytes_translate(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args)
+bytes_translate(PyBytesObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
 {
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    static char *_keywords[] = {"", "delete", NULL};
     PyObject *table;
-    int group_right_1 = 0;
-    PyObject *deletechars = NULL;
+    PyObject *delete = NULL;
 
-    switch (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args)) {
-        case 1:
-            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:translate", &table)) {
-                goto exit;
-            }
-            break;
-        case 2:
-            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO:translate", &table, &deletechars)) {
-                goto exit;
-            }
-            group_right_1 = 1;
-            break;
-        default:
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "bytes.translate requires 1 to 2 arguments");
-            goto exit;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O|O:translate", _keywords,
+        &table, &delete)) {
+        goto exit;
     }
-    return_value = bytes_translate_impl(self, table, group_right_1, deletechars);
+    return_value = bytes_translate_impl(self, table, delete);
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -504,4 +493,4 @@
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=6fe884a74e7d49cf input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=73a01a832ebb8d45 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/