diff -r 4cf08147a52e Python/ceval.c
--- a/Python/ceval.c	Mon Feb 08 01:49:35 2016 +0000
+++ b/Python/ceval.c	Sun Feb 07 16:27:55 2016 -0500
@@ -1118,6 +1118,21 @@
         Py_XDECREF(traceback); \
     }
 
+#define TRY_FAST_NUM_BINOP_DISPATCH(OP, left, right)                    \
+    {                                                                   \
+        if (PyLong_CheckExact(left) && PyLong_CheckExact(right)) {      \
+            PyObject *result;                                           \
+            result = PyLong_Type.tp_as_number->OP(left, right);         \
+            Py_DECREF(left);                                            \
+            Py_DECREF(right);                                           \
+            SET_TOP(result);                                            \
+            if (result == NULL) {                                       \
+                goto error;                                             \
+            }                                                           \
+            DISPATCH();                                                 \
+        }                                                               \
+    }
+
 /* Start of code */
 
     /* push frame */
@@ -1497,12 +1512,15 @@
         TARGET(BINARY_MULTIPLY) {
             PyObject *right = POP();
             PyObject *left = TOP();
-            PyObject *res = PyNumber_Multiply(left, right);
+            PyObject *res;
+            TRY_FAST_NUM_BINOP_DISPATCH(nb_multiply, left, right);
+            res = PyNumber_Multiply(left, right);
             Py_DECREF(left);
             Py_DECREF(right);
             SET_TOP(res);
-            if (res == NULL)
+            if (res == NULL) {
                 goto error;
+            }
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1521,33 +1539,48 @@
         TARGET(BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE) {
             PyObject *divisor = POP();
             PyObject *dividend = TOP();
-            PyObject *quotient = PyNumber_TrueDivide(dividend, divisor);
+            PyObject *quotient;
+            TRY_FAST_NUM_BINOP_DISPATCH(nb_true_divide, dividend, divisor);
+            quotient = PyNumber_TrueDivide(dividend, divisor);
             Py_DECREF(dividend);
             Py_DECREF(divisor);
+
             SET_TOP(quotient);
-            if (quotient == NULL)
+            if (quotient == NULL) {
                 goto error;
+            }
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE) {
             PyObject *divisor = POP();
             PyObject *dividend = TOP();
-            PyObject *quotient = PyNumber_FloorDivide(dividend, divisor);
+            PyObject *quotient;
+            TRY_FAST_NUM_BINOP_DISPATCH(nb_floor_divide, dividend, divisor);
+            quotient = PyNumber_FloorDivide(dividend, divisor);
             Py_DECREF(dividend);
             Py_DECREF(divisor);
+
             SET_TOP(quotient);
-            if (quotient == NULL)
+            if (quotient == NULL) {
                 goto error;
+            }
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(BINARY_MODULO) {
             PyObject *divisor = POP();
             PyObject *dividend = TOP();
-            PyObject *res = PyUnicode_CheckExact(dividend) ?
-                PyUnicode_Format(dividend, divisor) :
-                PyNumber_Remainder(dividend, divisor);
+            PyObject *res;
+
+            if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(dividend)) {
+                res = PyUnicode_Format(dividend, divisor);
+            }
+            else {
+                TRY_FAST_NUM_BINOP_DISPATCH(nb_remainder, dividend, divisor);
+                res = PyNumber_Remainder(dividend, divisor);
+            }
+
             Py_DECREF(divisor);
             Py_DECREF(dividend);
             SET_TOP(res);
@@ -1560,31 +1593,39 @@
             PyObject *right = POP();
             PyObject *left = TOP();
             PyObject *sum;
-            if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(left) &&
-                     PyUnicode_CheckExact(right)) {
+
+            if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(left) && PyUnicode_CheckExact(right)) {
+                /* fast path for string concatenation */
                 sum = unicode_concatenate(left, right, f, next_instr);
-                /* unicode_concatenate consumed the ref to v */
+                /* unicode_concatenate consumed the ref to left */
             }
             else {
+                TRY_FAST_NUM_BINOP_DISPATCH(nb_add, left, right);
                 sum = PyNumber_Add(left, right);
                 Py_DECREF(left);
             }
+
             Py_DECREF(right);
             SET_TOP(sum);
-            if (sum == NULL)
+            if (sum == NULL) {
                 goto error;
+            }
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(BINARY_SUBTRACT) {
             PyObject *right = POP();
             PyObject *left = TOP();
-            PyObject *diff = PyNumber_Subtract(left, right);
+            PyObject *diff;
+            TRY_FAST_NUM_BINOP_DISPATCH(nb_subtract, left, right);
+            diff = PyNumber_Subtract(left, right);
             Py_DECREF(right);
             Py_DECREF(left);
+
             SET_TOP(diff);
-            if (diff == NULL)
+            if (diff == NULL) {
                 goto error;
+            }
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1603,7 +1644,13 @@
         TARGET(BINARY_LSHIFT) {
             PyObject *right = POP();
             PyObject *left = TOP();
-            PyObject *res = PyNumber_Lshift(left, right);
+            PyObject *res;
+            if (PyLong_CheckExact(left) && PyLong_CheckExact(right)) {
+                res = PyLong_Type.tp_as_number->nb_lshift(left, right);
+            }
+            else {
+                res = PyNumber_Lshift(left, right);
+            }
             Py_DECREF(left);
             Py_DECREF(right);
             SET_TOP(res);
@@ -1615,7 +1662,13 @@
         TARGET(BINARY_RSHIFT) {
             PyObject *right = POP();
             PyObject *left = TOP();
-            PyObject *res = PyNumber_Rshift(left, right);
+            PyObject *res;
+            if (PyLong_CheckExact(left) && PyLong_CheckExact(right)) {
+                res = PyLong_Type.tp_as_number->nb_rshift(left, right);
+            }
+            else {
+                res = PyNumber_Rshift(left, right);
+            }
             Py_DECREF(left);
             Py_DECREF(right);
             SET_TOP(res);
@@ -1699,12 +1752,16 @@
         TARGET(INPLACE_MULTIPLY) {
             PyObject *right = POP();
             PyObject *left = TOP();
-            PyObject *res = PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply(left, right);
+            PyObject *res;
+            TRY_FAST_NUM_BINOP_DISPATCH(nb_multiply, left, right);
+            res = PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply(left, right);
             Py_DECREF(left);
             Py_DECREF(right);
+
             SET_TOP(res);
-            if (res == NULL)
+            if (res == NULL) {
                 goto error;
+            }
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
@@ -1723,31 +1780,41 @@
         TARGET(INPLACE_TRUE_DIVIDE) {
             PyObject *divisor = POP();
             PyObject *dividend = TOP();
-            PyObject *quotient = PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide(dividend, divisor);
+            PyObject *quotient;
+            TRY_FAST_NUM_BINOP_DISPATCH(nb_true_divide, dividend, divisor);
+            quotient = PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide(dividend, divisor);
             Py_DECREF(dividend);
             Py_DECREF(divisor);
+
             SET_TOP(quotient);
-            if (quotient == NULL)
+            if (quotient == NULL) {
                 goto error;
+            }
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(INPLACE_FLOOR_DIVIDE) {
             PyObject *divisor = POP();
             PyObject *dividend = TOP();
-            PyObject *quotient = PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide(dividend, divisor);
+            PyObject *quotient;
+            TRY_FAST_NUM_BINOP_DISPATCH(nb_floor_divide, dividend, divisor);
+            quotient = PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide(dividend, divisor);
             Py_DECREF(dividend);
             Py_DECREF(divisor);
+
             SET_TOP(quotient);
-            if (quotient == NULL)
+            if (quotient == NULL) {
                 goto error;
+            }
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(INPLACE_MODULO) {
             PyObject *right = POP();
             PyObject *left = TOP();
-            PyObject *mod = PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder(left, right);
+            PyObject *mod;
+            TRY_FAST_NUM_BINOP_DISPATCH(nb_remainder, left, right);
+            mod = PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder(left, right);
             Py_DECREF(left);
             Py_DECREF(right);
             SET_TOP(mod);
@@ -1760,30 +1827,39 @@
             PyObject *right = POP();
             PyObject *left = TOP();
             PyObject *sum;
+
             if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(left) && PyUnicode_CheckExact(right)) {
+                /* fast path for string concatenation */
                 sum = unicode_concatenate(left, right, f, next_instr);
-                /* unicode_concatenate consumed the ref to v */
+                /* unicode_concatenate consumed the ref to left */
             }
             else {
+                TRY_FAST_NUM_BINOP_DISPATCH(nb_add, left, right);
                 sum = PyNumber_InPlaceAdd(left, right);
                 Py_DECREF(left);
             }
+
             Py_DECREF(right);
             SET_TOP(sum);
-            if (sum == NULL)
+            if (sum == NULL) {
                 goto error;
+            }
             DISPATCH();
         }
 
         TARGET(INPLACE_SUBTRACT) {
             PyObject *right = POP();
             PyObject *left = TOP();
-            PyObject *diff = PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract(left, right);
+            PyObject *diff;
+            TRY_FAST_NUM_BINOP_DISPATCH(nb_subtract, left, right);
+            diff = PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract(left, right);
             Py_DECREF(left);
             Py_DECREF(right);
+
             SET_TOP(diff);
-            if (diff == NULL)
+            if (diff == NULL) {
                 goto error;
+            }
             DISPATCH();
         }