diff --git a/Objects/setobject.c b/Objects/setobject.c
--- a/Objects/setobject.c
+++ b/Objects/setobject.c
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
             cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(startkey, key, Py_EQ);
             Py_DECREF(startkey);
             if (cmp < 0)                                          /* unlikely */
-                return -1;
+                goto comparison_error;
             if (table != so->table || entry->key != startkey)     /* unlikely */
                 return _set_add_entry(so, key, hash);
             if (cmp > 0)                                          /* likely */
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
                     cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(startkey, key, Py_EQ);
                     Py_DECREF(startkey);
                     if (cmp < 0)
-                        return -1;
+                        goto comparison_error;
                     if (table != so->table || entry->key != startkey)
                         return _set_add_entry(so, key, hash);
                     if (cmp > 0)
@@ -223,24 +223,22 @@
     entry->hash = hash;
     if ((size_t)so->fill*3 < mask*2)
         return 0;
-    if (!set_table_resize(so, so->used))
-        return 0;
-    Py_INCREF(key);
-    return -1;
+    return set_table_resize(so, so->used);
 
   found_active:
     Py_DECREF(key);
     return 0;
+
+  comparison_error:
+    Py_DECREF(key);
+    return -1;
 }
 
 static int
 set_add_entry(PySetObject *so, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 {
     Py_INCREF(key);
-    if (!_set_add_entry(so, key, hash))
-        return 0;
-    Py_DECREF(key);
-    return -1;
+    return _set_add_entry(so, key, hash);
 }
 
 /*