diff -r 7ce459fc57b9 Lib/gzip.py
--- a/Lib/gzip.py	Thu Oct 02 11:36:01 2014 +0300
+++ b/Lib/gzip.py	Thu Oct 02 22:00:10 2014 +0300
@@ -164,9 +164,16 @@ class GzipFile(io.BufferedIOBase):
     def _write_gzip_header(self):
         self.fileobj.write('\037\213')             # magic header
         self.fileobj.write('\010')                 # compression method
-        fname = os.path.basename(self.name)
-        if fname.endswith(".gz"):
-            fname = fname[:-3]
+        try:
+            # RFC 1952 requires the FNAME field to be Latin-1. Do not
+            # include filenames that cannot be represented that way.
+            fname = os.path.basename(self.name)
+            if not isinstance(fname, str):
+                fname = fname.encode('latin-1')
+            if fname.endswith('.gz'):
+                fname = fname[:-3]
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            fname = ''
         flags = 0
         if fname:
             flags = FNAME
diff -r 7ce459fc57b9 Lib/test/test_gzip.py
--- a/Lib/test/test_gzip.py	Thu Oct 02 11:36:01 2014 +0300
+++ b/Lib/test/test_gzip.py	Thu Oct 02 22:00:10 2014 +0300
@@ -30,6 +30,17 @@ class TestGzip(unittest.TestCase):
     def tearDown(self):
         test_support.unlink(self.filename)
 
+    @test_support.requires_unicode
+    def test_bytes_filename(self):
+        unicode_filename = test_support.TESTFN_UNICODE
+        with gzip.GzipFile(unicode_filename, "wb") as f:
+            f.write(data1 * 50)
+        with gzip.GzipFile(unicode_filename, "rb") as f:
+            self.assertEqual(f.read(), data1 * 50)
+        # Sanity check that we are actually operating on the right file.
+        with open(unicode_filename, 'rb') as fobj, \
+             gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=fobj, mode="rb") as f:
+            self.assertEqual(f.read(), data1 * 50)
 
     def test_write(self):
         with gzip.GzipFile(self.filename, 'wb') as f:
diff -r 7ce459fc57b9 Misc/NEWS
--- a/Misc/NEWS	Thu Oct 02 11:36:01 2014 +0300
+++ b/Misc/NEWS	Thu Oct 02 22:00:10 2014 +0300
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ Core and Builtins
 Library
 -------
 
+- Issue #13664: GzipFile now supports Unicode file names.
+
 - Issue #20076: Added non derived UTF-8 aliases to locale aliases table.
 
 - Issue #20079: Added locales supported in glibc 2.18 to locale alias table.