diff -r 9f7b97fac919 Lib/tempfile.py
--- a/Lib/tempfile.py	Wed Sep 17 13:19:34 2014 +0800
+++ b/Lib/tempfile.py	Wed Sep 17 20:49:05 2014 +0300
@@ -690,9 +690,7 @@ class TemporaryDirectory(object):
     """
 
     # Handle mkdtemp raising an exception
-    name = None
     _finalizer = None
-    _closed = False
 
     def __init__(self, suffix="", prefix=template, dir=None):
         self.name = mkdtemp(suffix, prefix, dir)
@@ -700,8 +698,8 @@ class TemporaryDirectory(object):
             self, self._cleanup, self.name,
             warn_message="Implicitly cleaning up {!r}".format(self))
 
-    @classmethod
-    def _cleanup(cls, name, warn_message=None):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _cleanup(name, warn_message=None):
         _shutil.rmtree(name)
         if warn_message is not None:
             _warnings.warn(warn_message, ResourceWarning)
@@ -717,8 +715,7 @@ class TemporaryDirectory(object):
         self.cleanup()
 
     def cleanup(self):
-        if self._finalizer is not None:
+        if self._finalizer is not None and self._finalizer.alive:
             self._finalizer.detach()
-        if self.name is not None and not self._closed:
-            _shutil.rmtree(self.name)
-            self._closed = True
+            if self.name is not None:
+                _shutil.rmtree(self.name)
diff -r 9f7b97fac919 Lib/test/test_tempfile.py
--- a/Lib/test/test_tempfile.py	Wed Sep 17 13:19:34 2014 +0800
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tempfile.py	Wed Sep 17 20:49:05 2014 +0300
@@ -1211,6 +1211,29 @@ class TestTemporaryDirectory(BaseTestCas
                 self.assertNotIn("Exception ", err)
                 self.assertIn("ResourceWarning: Implicitly cleaning up", err)
 
+    def test_exit_on_shutdown(self):
+        # Issue #22427
+        with self.do_create() as dir:
+            code = """if True:
+                import tempfile
+                import warnings
+
+                def generator():
+                    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(dir={dir!r}):
+                        yield
+                g = generator()
+                next(g)
+
+                warnings.filterwarnings("always", category=ResourceWarning)
+                """.format(dir=dir)
+            rc, out, err = script_helper.assert_python_ok("-c", code)
+            tmp_name = out.decode().strip()
+            self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(tmp_name),
+                        "TemporaryDirectory %s exists after cleanup" % tmp_name)
+            err = err.decode('utf-8', 'backslashreplace')
+            self.assertNotIn("Exception ", err)
+            self.assertIn("ResourceWarning: Implicitly cleaning up", err)
+
     def test_warnings_on_cleanup(self):
         # ResourceWarning will be triggered by __del__
         with self.do_create() as dir: