diff --git a/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py b/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
--- a/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
@@ -961,16 +961,22 @@ class ImportErrorTests(unittest.TestCase
         exc = ImportError('test', path='somepath')
         self.assertEqual(exc.path, 'somepath')
         self.assertIsNone(exc.name)
 
         exc = ImportError('test', path='somepath', name='somename')
         self.assertEqual(exc.name, 'somename')
         self.assertEqual(exc.path, 'somepath')
 
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            ImportError('test', invalid='keyword')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+                         "ImportError only accepts 'name' and 'path' "
+                         "keyword arguments")
+
     def test_non_str_argument(self):
         # Issue #15778
         with check_warnings(('', BytesWarning), quiet=True):
             arg = b'abc'
             exc = ImportError(arg)
             self.assertEqual(str(arg), str(exc))
 
 
diff --git a/Objects/exceptions.c b/Objects/exceptions.c
--- a/Objects/exceptions.c
+++ b/Objects/exceptions.c
@@ -609,16 +609,17 @@ SimpleExtendsException(PyExc_BaseExcepti
  */
 
 static int
 ImportError_init(PyImportErrorObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     PyObject *msg = NULL;
     PyObject *name = NULL;
     PyObject *path = NULL;
+    int kwds_size;
 
 /* Macro replacement doesn't allow ## to start the first line of a macro,
    so we move the assignment and NULL check into the if-statement. */
 #define GET_KWD(kwd) { \
     kwd = PyDict_GetItemString(kwds, #kwd); \
     if (kwd) { \
         Py_CLEAR(self->kwd); \
         self->kwd = kwd;   \
@@ -626,20 +627,24 @@ ImportError_init(PyImportErrorObject *se
         if (PyDict_DelItemString(kwds, #kwd)) \
             return -1; \
     } \
     }
 
     if (kwds) {
         GET_KWD(name);
         GET_KWD(path);
+        kwds_size = PyDict_Size(kwds);
+        if (kwds_size != 0) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "ImportError only accepts 'name' and 'path' keyword arguments");
+            return -1;
+        }
     }
 
-    if (BaseException_init((PyBaseExceptionObject *)self, args, kwds) == -1)
-        return -1;
     if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) != 1)
         return 0;
     if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "ImportError", 1, 1, &msg))
         return -1;
 
     Py_CLEAR(self->msg);          /* replacing */
     self->msg = msg;
     Py_INCREF(self->msg);