diff -r 1f1498fe50e5 Doc/library/pathlib.rst
--- a/Doc/library/pathlib.rst	Wed Dec 04 23:29:51 2013 +0100
+++ b/Doc/library/pathlib.rst	Thu Dec 05 11:07:21 2013 +0800
@@ -598,6 +598,19 @@
       PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib')
 
 
+.. method:: Path.samefile(file)
+
+   Return whether the file is the same or not as the filesystem path represented
+   by Path, like :func:`os.path.samefile`.
+
+      >>> p = Path('spam')
+      >>> q = Path('eggs')
+      >>> p.samefile(q)
+      False
+      >>> p.samefile('spam')
+      True
+
+
 .. method:: Path.stat()
 
    Return information about this path (similarly to :func:`os.stat`).
diff -r 1f1498fe50e5 Lib/pathlib.py
--- a/Lib/pathlib.py	Wed Dec 04 23:29:51 2013 +0100
+++ b/Lib/pathlib.py	Thu Dec 05 11:07:21 2013 +0800
@@ -950,6 +950,12 @@
         """
         return cls(os.getcwd())
 
+    def samefile(self, other_file):
+        """Return whether `other_file` is the same or not as this file.
+        (as returned by os.path.samefile(file, other_file)).
+        """
+        return os.path.samefile(str(self), str(other_file))
+
     def iterdir(self):
         """Iterate over the files in this directory.  Does not yield any
         result for the special paths '.' and '..'.
diff -r 1f1498fe50e5 Lib/test/test_pathlib.py
--- a/Lib/test/test_pathlib.py	Wed Dec 04 23:29:51 2013 +0100
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pathlib.py	Thu Dec 05 11:07:21 2013 +0800
@@ -1130,6 +1130,25 @@
         p = self.cls.cwd()
         self._test_cwd(p)
 
+    def test_samefile(self):
+        fileA_path = os.path.join(BASE, 'fileA')
+        fileB_path = os.path.join(BASE, 'dirB', 'fileB')
+        p = self.cls(fileA_path)
+        q = self.cls(fileB_path)
+        self.assertTrue(p.samefile(fileA_path))
+        self.assertTrue(p.samefile(p))
+        self.assertFalse(p.samefile(fileB_path))
+        self.assertFalse(p.samefile(q))
+        # Test the non-existent file case
+        nonExistentFile_path = os.path.join(BASE, 'foo')
+        r = self.cls(nonExistentFile_path)
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, p.samefile, r)
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, p.samefile, nonExistentFile_path)
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, r.samefile, p)
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, r.samefile, fileA_path)
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, r.samefile, r)
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, r.samefile, nonExistentFile_path)
+
     def test_empty_path(self):
         # The empty path points to '.'
         p = self.cls('')