diff --git a/Doc/library/weakref.rst b/Doc/library/weakref.rst
--- a/Doc/library/weakref.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/weakref.rst
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
 
 .. method:: WeakKeyDictionary.iterkeyrefs()
 
-   Return an :term:`iterator` that yields the weak references to the keys.
+   Return an iterable of the weak references to the keys.
 
    .. versionadded:: 2.5
 
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
 
 .. method:: WeakValueDictionary.itervaluerefs()
 
-   Return an :term:`iterator` that yields the weak references to the values.
+   Return an iterable of the weak references to the values.
 
    .. versionadded:: 2.5
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_weakref.py b/Lib/test/test_weakref.py
--- a/Lib/test/test_weakref.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_weakref.py
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 import UserList
 import weakref
 import operator
+import contextlib
+import copy
 
 from test import test_support
 
@@ -906,7 +908,7 @@
     def check_len_cycles(self, dict_type, cons):
         N = 20
         items = [RefCycle() for i in range(N)]
-        dct = dict_type(cons(o) for o in items)
+        dct = dict_type(cons(i, o) for i, o in enumerate(items))
         # Keep an iterator alive
         it = dct.iteritems()
         try:
@@ -916,18 +918,20 @@
         del items
         gc.collect()
         n1 = len(dct)
+        list(it)
         del it
         gc.collect()
         n2 = len(dct)
-        # one item may be kept alive inside the iterator
-        self.assertIn(n1, (0, 1))
+        # iteration should prevent garbage collection here
+        self.assertEqual(n1, 20)
+        #self.assertIn(n1, (0, 1))
         self.assertEqual(n2, 0)
 
     def test_weak_keyed_len_cycles(self):
-        self.check_len_cycles(weakref.WeakKeyDictionary, lambda k: (k, 1))
+        self.check_len_cycles(weakref.WeakKeyDictionary, lambda n, k: (k, n))
 
     def test_weak_valued_len_cycles(self):
-        self.check_len_cycles(weakref.WeakValueDictionary, lambda k: (1, k))
+        self.check_len_cycles(weakref.WeakValueDictionary, lambda n, k: (n, k))
 
     def check_len_race(self, dict_type, cons):
         # Extended sanity checks for len() in the face of cyclic collection
@@ -1093,6 +1097,86 @@
         self.assertTrue(len(values) == 0,
                      "itervalues() did not touch all values")
 
+    def check_weak_destroy_while_iterating(self, dict, objects, iter_name):
+        n = len(dict)
+        it = iter(getattr(dict, iter_name)())
+        next(it)             # Trigger internal iteration
+        # Destroy an object
+        del objects[-1]
+        gc.collect()    # just in case
+        # We have removed either the first consumed object, or another one
+        self.assertIn(len(list(it)), [len(objects), len(objects) - 1])
+        del it
+        # The removal has been committed
+        self.assertEqual(len(dict), n - 1)
+
+    def check_weak_destroy_and_mutate_while_iterating(self, dict, testcontext):
+        # Check that we can explicitly mutate the weak dict without
+        # interfering with delayed removal.
+        # `testcontext` should create an iterator, destroy one of the
+        # weakref'ed objects and then return a new key/value pair corresponding
+        # to the destroyed object.
+        with testcontext() as (k, v):
+            self.assertFalse(k in dict)
+        with testcontext() as (k, v):
+            self.assertRaises(KeyError, dict.__delitem__, k)
+        self.assertFalse(k in dict)
+        with testcontext() as (k, v):
+            self.assertRaises(KeyError, dict.pop, k)
+        self.assertFalse(k in dict)
+        with testcontext() as (k, v):
+            dict[k] = v
+        self.assertEqual(dict[k], v)
+        ddict = copy.copy(dict)
+        with testcontext() as (k, v):
+            dict.update(ddict)
+        self.assertEqual(dict, ddict)
+        with testcontext() as (k, v):
+            dict.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(len(dict), 0)
+
+    def test_weak_keys_destroy_while_iterating(self):
+        # Issue #7105: iterators shouldn't crash when a key is implicitly removed
+        dict, objects = self.make_weak_keyed_dict()
+        self.check_weak_destroy_while_iterating(dict, objects, 'iterkeys')
+        self.check_weak_destroy_while_iterating(dict, objects, 'iteritems')
+        self.check_weak_destroy_while_iterating(dict, objects, 'itervalues')
+        self.check_weak_destroy_while_iterating(dict, objects, 'iterkeyrefs')
+        dict, objects = self.make_weak_keyed_dict()
+        @contextlib.contextmanager
+        def testcontext():
+            try:
+                it = iter(dict.iteritems())
+                next(it)
+                # Schedule a key/value for removal and recreate it
+                v = objects.pop().arg
+                gc.collect()      # just in case
+                yield Object(v), v
+            finally:
+                it = None           # should commit all removals
+        self.check_weak_destroy_and_mutate_while_iterating(dict, testcontext)
+
+    def test_weak_values_destroy_while_iterating(self):
+        # Issue #7105: iterators shouldn't crash when a key is implicitly removed
+        dict, objects = self.make_weak_valued_dict()
+        self.check_weak_destroy_while_iterating(dict, objects, 'iterkeys')
+        self.check_weak_destroy_while_iterating(dict, objects, 'iteritems')
+        self.check_weak_destroy_while_iterating(dict, objects, 'itervalues')
+        self.check_weak_destroy_while_iterating(dict, objects, 'itervaluerefs')
+        dict, objects = self.make_weak_valued_dict()
+        @contextlib.contextmanager
+        def testcontext():
+            try:
+                it = iter(dict.iteritems())
+                next(it)
+                # Schedule a key/value for removal and recreate it
+                k = objects.pop().arg
+                gc.collect()      # just in case
+                yield k, Object(k)
+            finally:
+                it = None           # should commit all removals
+        self.check_weak_destroy_and_mutate_while_iterating(dict, testcontext)
+
     def test_make_weak_keyed_dict_from_dict(self):
         o = Object(3)
         dict = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary({o:364})
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_weakset.py b/Lib/test/test_weakset.py
--- a/Lib/test/test_weakset.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_weakset.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import collections
 import gc
 import contextlib
+from UserString import UserString as ustr
 
 
 class Foo:
@@ -448,6 +449,54 @@
             self.assertGreaterEqual(n2, 0)
             self.assertLessEqual(n2, n1)
 
+    def test_weak_destroy_while_iterating(self):
+        # Issue #7105: iterators shouldn't crash when a key is implicitly removed
+        # Create new items to be sure no-one else holds a reference
+        items = [ustr(c) for c in ('a', 'b', 'c')]
+        s = WeakSet(items)
+        it = iter(s)
+        next(it)             # Trigger internal iteration
+        # Destroy an item
+        del items[-1]
+        gc.collect()    # just in case
+        # We have removed either the first consumed items, or another one
+        self.assertIn(len(list(it)), [len(items), len(items) - 1])
+        del it
+        # The removal has been committed
+        self.assertEqual(len(s), len(items))
+
+    def test_weak_destroy_and_mutate_while_iterating(self):
+        # Issue #7105: iterators shouldn't crash when a key is implicitly removed
+        items = [ustr(c) for c in string.ascii_letters]
+        s = WeakSet(items)
+        @contextlib.contextmanager
+        def testcontext():
+            try:
+                it = iter(s)
+                next(it)
+                # Schedule an item for removal and recreate it
+                u = ustr(str(items.pop()))
+                gc.collect()      # just in case
+                yield u
+            finally:
+                it = None           # should commit all removals
+
+        with testcontext() as u:
+            self.assertFalse(u in s)
+        with testcontext() as u:
+            self.assertRaises(KeyError, s.remove, u)
+        self.assertFalse(u in s)
+        with testcontext() as u:
+            s.add(u)
+        self.assertTrue(u in s)
+        t = s.copy()
+        with testcontext() as u:
+            s.update(t)
+        self.assertEqual(len(s), len(t))
+        with testcontext() as u:
+            s.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(len(s), 0)
+
 
 def test_main(verbose=None):
     test_support.run_unittest(TestWeakSet)
diff --git a/Lib/weakref.py b/Lib/weakref.py
--- a/Lib/weakref.py
+++ b/Lib/weakref.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
      ProxyType,
      ReferenceType)
 
-from _weakrefset import WeakSet
+from _weakrefset import WeakSet, _IterationGuard
 
 from exceptions import ReferenceError
 
@@ -48,10 +48,24 @@
         def remove(wr, selfref=ref(self)):
             self = selfref()
             if self is not None:
-                del self.data[wr.key]
+                if self._iterating:
+                    self._pending_removals.append(wr.key)
+                else:
+                    del self.data[wr.key]
         self._remove = remove
+        # A list of keys to be removed
+        self._pending_removals = []
+        self._iterating = set()
         UserDict.UserDict.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
 
+    def _commit_removals(self):
+       l = self._pending_removals
+       d = self.data
+       # We shouldn't encounter any KeyError, because this method should
+       # always be called *before* mutating the dict.
+       while l:
+           del d[l.pop()]
+
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         o = self.data[key]()
         if o is None:
@@ -59,6 +73,11 @@
         else:
             return o
 
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        if self._pending_removals:
+            self._commit_removals()
+        del self.data[key]
+
     def __contains__(self, key):
         try:
             o = self.data[key]()
@@ -77,8 +96,15 @@
         return "<WeakValueDictionary at %s>" % id(self)
 
     def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if self._pending_removals:
+            self._commit_removals()
         self.data[key] = KeyedRef(value, self._remove, key)
 
+    def clear(self):
+        if self._pending_removals:
+            self._commit_removals()
+        self.data.clear()
+
     def copy(self):
         new = WeakValueDictionary()
         for key, wr in self.data.items():
@@ -120,16 +146,18 @@
         return L
 
     def iteritems(self):
-        for wr in self.data.itervalues():
-            value = wr()
-            if value is not None:
-                yield wr.key, value
+        with _IterationGuard(self):
+            for wr in self.data.itervalues():
+                value = wr()
+                if value is not None:
+                    yield wr.key, value
 
     def iterkeys(self):
-        return self.data.iterkeys()
+        with _IterationGuard(self):
+            for k in self.data.iterkeys():
+                yield k
 
-    def __iter__(self):
-        return self.data.iterkeys()
+    __iter__ = iterkeys
 
     def itervaluerefs(self):
         """Return an iterator that yields the weak references to the values.
@@ -141,15 +169,20 @@
         keep the values around longer than needed.
 
         """
-        return self.data.itervalues()
+        with _IterationGuard(self):
+            for wr in self.data.itervalues():
+                yield wr
 
     def itervalues(self):
-        for wr in self.data.itervalues():
-            obj = wr()
-            if obj is not None:
-                yield obj
+        with _IterationGuard(self):
+            for wr in self.data.itervalues():
+                obj = wr()
+                if obj is not None:
+                    yield obj
 
     def popitem(self):
+        if self._pending_removals:
+            self._commit_removals()
         while 1:
             key, wr = self.data.popitem()
             o = wr()
@@ -157,6 +190,8 @@
                 return key, o
 
     def pop(self, key, *args):
+        if self._pending_removals:
+            self._commit_removals()
         try:
             o = self.data.pop(key)()
         except KeyError:
@@ -172,12 +207,16 @@
         try:
             wr = self.data[key]
         except KeyError:
+            if self._pending_removals:
+                self._commit_removals()
             self.data[key] = KeyedRef(default, self._remove, key)
             return default
         else:
             return wr()
 
     def update(self, dict=None, **kwargs):
+        if self._pending_removals:
+            self._commit_removals()
         d = self.data
         if dict is not None:
             if not hasattr(dict, "items"):
@@ -245,9 +284,29 @@
         def remove(k, selfref=ref(self)):
             self = selfref()
             if self is not None:
-                del self.data[k]
+                if self._iterating:
+                    self._pending_removals.append(k)
+                else:
+                    del self.data[k]
         self._remove = remove
-        if dict is not None: self.update(dict)
+        # A list of dead weakrefs (keys to be removed)
+        self._pending_removals = []
+        self._iterating = set()
+        if dict is not None:
+            self.update(dict)
+
+    def _commit_removals(self):
+        # NOTE: We don't need to call this method before mutating the dict,
+        # because a dead weakref never compares equal to a live weakref,
+        # even if they happened to refer to equal objects.
+        # However, it means keys may already have been removed.
+        l = self._pending_removals
+        d = self.data
+        while l:
+            try:
+                del d[l.pop()]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
 
     def __delitem__(self, key):
         del self.data[ref(key)]
@@ -306,10 +365,11 @@
         return L
 
     def iteritems(self):
-        for wr, value in self.data.iteritems():
-            key = wr()
-            if key is not None:
-                yield key, value
+        with _IterationGuard(self):
+            for wr, value in self.data.iteritems():
+                key = wr()
+                if key is not None:
+                    yield key, value
 
     def iterkeyrefs(self):
         """Return an iterator that yields the weak references to the keys.
@@ -321,19 +381,23 @@
         keep the keys around longer than needed.
 
         """
-        return self.data.iterkeys()
+        with _IterationGuard(self):
+            for wr in self.data.iterkeys():
+                yield wr
 
     def iterkeys(self):
-        for wr in self.data.iterkeys():
-            obj = wr()
-            if obj is not None:
-                yield obj
+        with _IterationGuard(self):
+            for wr in self.data.iterkeys():
+                obj = wr()
+                if obj is not None:
+                    yield obj
 
-    def __iter__(self):
-        return self.iterkeys()
+    __iter__ = iterkeys
 
     def itervalues(self):
-        return self.data.itervalues()
+        with _IterationGuard(self):
+            for value in self.data.itervalues():
+                yield value
 
     def keyrefs(self):
         """Return a list of weak references to the keys.