diff --git a/Parser/asdl_c.py b/Parser/asdl_c.py
--- a/Parser/asdl_c.py
+++ b/Parser/asdl_c.py
@@ -864,8 +864,11 @@
     if (obj == Py_None)
         obj = NULL;
     if (obj)
-        PyArena_AddPyObject(arena, obj);
-    Py_XINCREF(obj);
+        if (PyArena_AddPyObject(arena, obj) < 0) {
+            *out = NULL;
+            return -1;
+        }
+    Py_INCREF(obj);
     *out = obj;
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/Python/Python-ast.c b/Python/Python-ast.c
--- a/Python/Python-ast.c
+++ b/Python/Python-ast.c
@@ -705,8 +705,11 @@
     if (obj == Py_None)
         obj = NULL;
     if (obj)
-        PyArena_AddPyObject(arena, obj);
-    Py_XINCREF(obj);
+        if (PyArena_AddPyObject(arena, obj) < 0) {
+            *out = NULL;
+            return -1;
+        }
+    Py_INCREF(obj);
     *out = obj;
     return 0;
 }