diff -r 3fe80a481dd9 Lib/enum.py
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/Lib/enum.py	Tue May 14 19:24:30 2013 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+"""
+Provides the Enum class, which can be subclassed to create new, static,
+enumerations.
+"""
+
+import sys
+import weakref
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from types import MappingProxyType
+
+__all__ = ['Enum', 'IntEnum']
+
+
+class _StealthProperty:
+    """Returns the value in the instance, raises AttributeError on the class.
+
+    if AttributeError is raised, python will automatically use __getattr__ to
+    try and find the attribute.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, fget=None):
+        self.fget = fget
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
+        if obj is None:
+            raise AttributeError(self._name)
+        return self.fget(obj)
+
+    def __set__(self, obj, value):
+        raise AttributeError("can't set attribute")
+
+    def __delete__(self, obj):
+        raise AttributeError("can't delete attribute")
+
+
+def dunder(name):
+    """Returns True if a dunder name, False otherwise."""
+
+    return name[:2] == name[-2:] == '__'
+
+
+def break_noisily_on_pickle(self):
+    """Raises an exception when trying to pickle the class.
+
+    If module name was not able to be determined using the functional syntax,
+    this function will be stored on that class as __reduce__.  It's only
+    purpose is to move the pickle error from /un/pickling to pickling.
+
+    """
+
+    raise TypeError('%r cannot be pickled' % self)
+
+
+class _EnumDict(dict):
+    """Keeps track of definition order of the enum items.
+    
+    EnumMeta will use the names found in self._enum_names as the
+    enumeration member names.
+    
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self._enum_names = []
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        """Changes anything not dundered or that doesn't have __get__.
+
+        If a descriptor is added with the same name as an enum member, the name
+        is removed from _enum_names (this may leave a hole in the numerical
+        sequence of values).
+
+        If an enum member name is used twice, an error is raised; duplicate
+        values are not checked for.
+
+        """
+
+        if dunder(key) or hasattr(value, '__get__'):
+            if key in self._enum_names:
+                # overwriting an enum with a method?  then remove the name from
+                # _enum_names or it will become an enum anyway when the class
+                # is created
+                self._enum_names.remove(key)
+        else:
+            if key in self._enum_names:
+                raise TypeError('Attempted to reuse key: %r' % key)
+            self._enum_names.append(key)
+        super().__setitem__(key, value)
+
+# dummy value for Enum as EnumMeta explicity checks for it, but of course until
+# EnumMeta finishes running the first time the Enum class doesn't exist.  This
+# is also why there are checks in EnumMeta like `if Enum is not None`
+Enum = None
+
+
+class EnumMeta(type):
+    """Metaclass for Enum"""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __prepare__(metacls, cls, bases):
+        return _EnumDict()
+
+    def __new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict):
+        # an Enum class is final once enumeration items have been defined; it
+        # cannot be mixed with other types (int, float, etc.) if it has an
+        # inherited __new__ unless a new __new__ is defined (or the resulting
+        # class will fail).
+        obj_type, first_enum = metacls._get_mixins(bases)
+        __new__, save_new, use_args = (
+                metacls._find_new(classdict, obj_type, first_enum)
+                )
+
+        # save enum items into separate mapping so they don't get baked into
+        # the new class
+        name_value = {k: classdict[k] for k in classdict._enum_names}
+        for name in classdict._enum_names:
+            del classdict[name]
+
+        # check for illegal enum names (any others?)
+        if set(name_value) & {'mro', '_create', '_get_mixins', '_find_new'}:
+            raise ValueError("The names 'mro', '_create', '_get_mixins', and "
+                    "'_find_new' cannot be used for members")
+
+        # add _name attributes to any _StealthProperty's for nicer exceptions
+        for name, value in classdict.items():
+            if isinstance(value, _StealthProperty):
+                value._name = name
+
+        # create our new Enum type
+        enum_class = super().__new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict)
+        enum_names = []
+        enum_map = OrderedDict()
+        enum_value_map = {}                         # hashable value:name map
+        enum_class._enum_names = enum_names         # names in definition order
+        enum_class._enum_map = enum_map             # name:value map
+        enum_class._enum_value_map = enum_value_map # value:name map
+
+        # check for a __getnewargs__, and if not present sabotage
+        # pickling, since it won't work anyway
+        if (
+            obj_type is not object and
+            obj_type.__dict__.get('__getnewargs__') is None
+            ):
+            enum_class.__reduce__ = break_noisily_on_pickle
+            enum_class.__module__ = 'uh uh'
+
+        # instantiate them, checking for duplicates as we go
+        # we instantiate first instead of checking for duplicates first in case
+        # a custom __new__ is doing something funky with the values -- such as
+        # auto-numbering ;)
+        for e in classdict._enum_names:
+            value = name_value[e]
+            if not isinstance(value, tuple):
+                args = (value, )
+            else:
+                args = value
+            if obj_type is tuple:   # special case for tuple enums
+                args = (args, )     # wrap it one more time
+            if not use_args:
+                enum_item = __new__(enum_class)
+                enum_item._value = value
+            else:
+                enum_item = __new__(enum_class, *args)
+                if not hasattr(enum_item, '_value'):
+                    enum_item._value = obj_type(*args)
+            enum_item._obj_type = obj_type
+            enum_item._name = e
+            enum_item.__init__(*args)
+            # look for any duplicate values, and, if found, use the already
+            # created enum item instead of the new one so `is` will work
+            # (i.e. Color.green is Color.grene)
+            for name, canonical_enum in enum_map.items():
+                if canonical_enum.value == enum_item._value:
+                    enum_item = canonical_enum
+                    break
+            else:
+                enum_names.append(e)
+            enum_map[e] = enum_item
+            try:
+                enum_value_map[value] = enum_item
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+
+        # double check that repr and friends are not the mixin's or various
+        # things break (such as pickle)
+        for name in ('__repr__', '__str__', '__getnewargs__'):
+            class_method = getattr(enum_class, name)
+            obj_method = getattr(obj_type, name, None)
+            enum_method = getattr(first_enum, name, None)
+            if obj_method is not None and obj_method is class_method:
+                setattr(enum_class, name, enum_method)
+
+        # replace any other __new__ with our own (as long as Enum is not None,
+        # anyway) -- again, this is to support pickle
+        if Enum is not None:
+            # if the user defined their own __new__, save it before it gets
+            # clobbered in case they subclass later
+            if save_new:
+                enum_class.__new_member__ = __new__
+            enum_class.__new__ = Enum.__new__
+        return enum_class
+
+    def __call__(cls, value, names=None, *, module=None, type=None):
+        """Either returns an existing member, or creates a new enum class.
+
+        This method is used both when an enum class is given a value to match
+        to an enumeration member (i.e. Color(3)) and for the functional API
+        (i.e. Color = Enum('Color', names='red green blue')).
+
+        When used as the functional API module, if set, will be stored in the
+        new class' __module__ attribute; type, if set, will be mixed in as the
+        first base class.
+
+        Note: if module is not set this routine will attempt to discover the
+        calling module by walking the frame stack; if this is unsuccessful
+        the resulting class will not be pickleable.
+
+        """
+        if names is None:  # simple value lookup
+            return cls.__new__(cls, value)
+        # otherwise, we're creating a new Enum type
+        return cls._create(value, names, module=module, type=type)
+
+    def __contains__(cls, enum_item):
+        return isinstance(enum_item, cls) and enum_item.name in cls._enum_map
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return ['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__'] + self._enum_names
+
+    @property
+    def __members__(cls):
+        """Returns a MappingProxyType of the internal _enum_map structure."""
+
+        return MappingProxyType(cls._enum_map)
+
+    def __getattr__(cls, name):
+        """Return the enum member matching `name`
+        
+        We use __getattr__ instead of descriptors or inserting into the enum
+        class' __dict__ in order to support `name` and `value` being both
+        properties for enum members (which live in the class' __dict__) and
+        enum members themselves.
+        
+        """
+
+        if dunder(name):
+            raise AttributeError(name)
+        try:
+            return cls._enum_map[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError(name) from None
+
+    def __getitem__(cls, name):
+        return cls._enum_map[name]
+
+    def __iter__(cls):
+        return (cls._enum_map[name] for name in cls._enum_names)
+
+    def __len__(cls):
+        return len(cls._enum_names)
+
+    def __repr__(cls):
+        return "<enum %r>" % cls.__name__
+
+    def _create(cls, class_name, names=None, *, module=None, type=None):
+        """Convenience method to create a new Enum class.
+
+        Called by __new__, with the same arguments, to provide the
+        implementation.  Easier to subclass this way.
+
+        """
+        metacls = cls.__class__
+        bases = (cls, ) if type is None else (type, cls)
+        classdict = metacls.__prepare__(class_name, bases) 
+
+        # special processing needed for names?
+        if isinstance(names, str):
+            names = names.replace(',', ' ').split()
+        if isinstance(names, (tuple, list)) and isinstance(names[0], str):
+            names = [(e, i) for (i, e) in enumerate(names, 1)]
+
+        # otherwise names better be an iterable of (name, value) or a mapping
+        for item in names:
+            if isinstance(item, str):
+                e, v = item, names[item]
+            else:
+                e, v = item
+            classdict[e] = v
+        enum_class = metacls.__new__(metacls, class_name, bases, classdict)
+
+        # TODO: replace the frame hack if a blessed way to know the calling
+        # module is ever developed
+        if module is None:
+            try:
+                module = sys._getframe(2).f_globals['__name__']
+            except (AttributeError, ValueError) as exc:
+                pass
+        if module is None:
+            enum_class.__module__ = 'uh uh'
+            enum_class.__reduce__ = break_noisily_on_pickle
+        else:
+            enum_class.__module__ = module
+
+        return enum_class
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_mixins(bases):
+        """Returns the type for creating enum members, and the first inherited
+        enum class.
+
+        bases: the tuple of bases that was given to __new__
+
+        """
+        if not bases:
+            return object, Enum
+
+        # double check that we are not subclassing a class with existing
+        # enumeration members; while we're at it, see if any other data
+        # type has been mixed in so we can use the correct __new__
+        obj_type = first_enum = None
+        for base in bases:
+            if  (base is not Enum and
+                    issubclass(base, Enum) and
+                    base._enum_names):
+                raise TypeError("Cannot extend enumerations")
+        # base is now the last base in bases
+        if not issubclass(base, Enum):
+            raise TypeError("new enumerations must be created as "
+                    "`ClassName([mixin_type,] enum_type)`")
+
+        # get correct mix-in type (either mix-in type of Enum subclass, or
+        # first base if last base is Enum)
+        if not issubclass(bases[0], Enum):
+            obj_type = bases[0]     # first data type
+            first_enum = bases[-1]  # enum type
+        else:
+            for base in bases[0].__mro__:
+                # most common: (IntEnum, int, Enum, object)
+                # possible:    (<Enum 'AutoIntEnum'>, <Enum 'IntEnum'>,
+                #               <class 'int'>, <Enum 'Enum'>,
+                #               <class 'object'>)
+                if issubclass(base, Enum):
+                    if first_enum is None:
+                        first_enum = base
+                else:
+                    if obj_type is None:
+                        obj_type = base
+
+        return obj_type, first_enum
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _find_new(classdict, obj_type, first_enum):
+        """Returns the __new__ to be used for creating the enum members.
+
+        classdict: the class dictionary given to __new__
+        obj_type: the data type whose __new__ will be used by default
+        first_enum: enumeration to check for an overriding __new__
+
+        """
+        # now find the correct __new__, checking to see of one was defined
+        # by the user; also check earlier enum classes in case a __new__ was
+        # saved as __new_member__
+        __new__ = classdict.get('__new__', None)
+
+        # should __new__ be saved as __new_member__ later?
+        save_new = __new__ is not None
+
+        if __new__ is None:
+            # check all possibles for __new_member__ before falling back to
+            # __new__
+            for method in ('__new_member__', '__new__'):
+                for possible in (obj_type, first_enum):
+                    target = getattr(possible, method, None)
+                    if target not in {
+                            None,
+                            None.__new__,
+                            object.__new__,
+                            Enum.__new__,
+                            }:
+                        __new__ = target
+                        break
+                if __new__ is not None:
+                    break
+            else:
+                __new__ = object.__new__
+
+        # if a non-object.__new__ is used then whatever value/tuple was
+        # assigned to the enum member name will be passed to __new__ and to the
+        # new enum member's __init__
+        if __new__ is object.__new__:
+            use_args = False
+        else:
+            use_args = True
+
+        return __new__, save_new, use_args
+
+
+class Enum(metaclass=EnumMeta):
+    """Valueless, unordered enumeration class"""
+
+    # no actual assignments are made as it is a chicken-and-egg problem
+    # with the metaclass, which checks for the Enum class specifically
+
+    def __new__(cls, value):
+        # all enum instances are actually created during class construction
+        # without calling this method; this method is called by the metaclass'
+        # __call__ (i.e. Color(3) ), and by pickle
+        if type(value) is cls:
+            return value
+        # by-value search for a matching enum member
+        # see if it's in the reverse mapping (for hashable values)
+        if value in cls._enum_value_map:
+            return cls._enum_value_map[value]
+        # not there, now do long search -- O(n) behavior
+        for member in cls._enum_map.values():
+            if member.value == value:
+                return member
+        raise ValueError("%s is not a valid %s" % (value, cls.__name__))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<%s.%s: %r>" % (
+                self.__class__.__name__, self._name, self._value)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s.%s" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._name)
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return (['__class__', '__doc__', 'name', 'value'])
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if type(other) is self.__class__:
+            return self is other
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __getnewargs__(self):
+        return (self._value, )
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self._name)
+
+    # _StealthProperty is used to provide access to the `name` and `value`
+    # properties of enum members while keeping some measure of protection
+    # from modification, while still allowing for an enumeration to have
+    # members named `name` and `value`.  This works because enumeration
+    # members are not set directely on the enum class -- __getattr__ is
+    # used to look them up.
+    
+    @_StealthProperty
+    def name(self):
+        return self._name
+
+    @_StealthProperty
+    def value(self):
+        return self._value
+
+
+class IntEnum(int, Enum):
+    """Enum where members are also (and must be) ints"""
+
+
diff -r 3fe80a481dd9 Lib/test/test_enum.py
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/Lib/test/test_enum.py	Tue May 14 19:24:30 2013 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,779 @@
+import enum
+import sys
+import unittest
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from pickle import dumps, loads, PicklingError
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum
+
+
+# for pickle tests
+try:
+    class Stooges(Enum):
+        LARRY = 1
+        CURLY = 2
+        MOE = 3
+except Exception as exc:
+    Stooges = exc
+
+try:
+    class IntStooges(int, Enum):
+        LARRY = 1
+        CURLY = 2
+        MOE = 3
+except Exception as exc:
+    IntStooges = exc
+
+try:
+    class FloatStooges(float, Enum):
+        LARRY = 1.39
+        CURLY = 2.72
+        MOE = 3.142596
+except Exception as exc:
+    FloatStooges = exc
+
+# for pickle test and subclass tests
+try:
+    class StrEnum(str, Enum):
+        'accepts only string values'
+    class Name(StrEnum):
+        BDFL = 'Guido van Rossum'
+        FLUFL = 'Barry Warsaw'
+except Exception as exc:
+    Name = exc
+
+try:
+    Question = Enum('Question', 'who what when where why', module=__name__)
+except Exception as exc:
+    Question = exc
+
+try:
+    Answer = Enum('Answer', 'him this then there because')
+except Exception as exc:
+    Answer = exc
+
+class TestEnum(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        class Season(Enum):
+            SPRING = 1
+            SUMMER = 2
+            AUTUMN = 3
+            WINTER = 4
+        self.Season = Season
+
+    def test_enum_in_enum_out(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertIs(Season(Season.WINTER), Season.WINTER)
+
+    def test_enum_value(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1)
+
+    def test_intenum_value(self):
+        self.assertEqual(IntStooges.CURLY.value, 2)
+
+    def test_dir_on_class(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(dir(Season)),
+            set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__',
+                'SPRING', 'SUMMER', 'AUTUMN', 'WINTER']),
+            )
+
+    def test_dir_on_item(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(dir(Season.WINTER)),
+            set(['__class__', '__doc__', 'name', 'value']),
+            )
+
+    def test_enum(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        lst = list(Season)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Season))
+        self.assertEqual(len(Season), 4, Season)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER], lst)
+
+        for i, season in enumerate('SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER'.split(), 1):
+            e = Season(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, getattr(Season, season))
+            self.assertEqual(e.value, i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, season)
+            self.assertIn(e, Season)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), Season)
+            self.assertIsInstance(e, Season)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e), 'Season.' + season)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                    repr(e),
+                    '<Season.{0}: {1}>'.format(season, i),
+                    )
+
+    def test_value_name(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.name, 'SPRING')
+        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1)
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            Season.SPRING.name = 'invierno'
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            Season.SPRING.value = 2
+
+    def test_invalid_names(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            class Wrong(Enum):
+                mro = 9
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            class Wrong(Enum):
+                _create= 11
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            class Wrong(Enum):
+                _get_mixins = 9
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            class Wrong(Enum):
+                _find_new = 1
+
+
+    def test_contains(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertIn(Season.AUTUMN, Season)
+        self.assertNotIn(3, Season)
+
+        val = Season(3)
+        self.assertIn(val, Season)
+
+        class OtherEnum(Enum):
+            one = 1; two = 2
+        self.assertNotIn(OtherEnum.two, Season)
+
+    def test_comparisons(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Season.SPRING < Season.WINTER
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Season.SPRING > 4
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(Season.SPRING, 1)
+
+        class Part(Enum):
+            SPRING = 1
+            CLIP = 2
+            BARREL = 3
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(Season.SPRING, Part.SPRING)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Season.SPRING < Part.CLIP
+
+    def test_enum_duplicates(self):
+        class Season(Enum):
+            SPRING = 1
+            SUMMER = 2
+            AUTUMN = FALL = 3
+            WINTER = 4
+            ANOTHER_SPRING = 1
+        lst = list(Season)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            lst,
+            [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER,
+             Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER,
+            ])
+        self.assertIs(Season.FALL, Season.AUTUMN)
+        self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.value, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(Season.AUTUMN.value, 3)
+        self.assertIs(Season(3), Season.AUTUMN)
+        self.assertIs(Season(1), Season.SPRING)
+        self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.name, 'AUTUMN')
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [k for k,v in Season.__members__.items() if v.name != k],
+                ['FALL', 'ANOTHER_SPRING'],
+                )
+
+    def test_enum_with_value_name(self):
+        class Huh(Enum):
+            name = 1
+            value = 2
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(Huh),
+            [Huh.name, Huh.value],
+            )
+        self.assertIs(type(Huh.name), Huh)
+        self.assertEqual(Huh.name.name, 'name')
+        self.assertEqual(Huh.name.value, 1)
+
+    def test_intenum(self):
+        class WeekDay(IntEnum):
+            SUNDAY = 1
+            MONDAY = 2
+            TUESDAY = 3
+            WEDNESDAY = 4
+            THURSDAY = 5
+            FRIDAY = 6
+            SATURDAY = 7
+
+        self.assertEqual(['a', 'b', 'c'][WeekDay.MONDAY], 'c')
+        self.assertEqual([i for i in range(WeekDay.TUESDAY)], [0, 1, 2])
+
+        lst = list(WeekDay)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(WeekDay))
+        self.assertEqual(len(WeekDay), 7)
+        target = 'SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY'
+        target = target.split()
+        for i, weekday in enumerate(target, 1):
+            e = WeekDay(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e), i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, weekday)
+            self.assertIn(e, WeekDay)
+            self.assertEqual(lst.index(e)+1, i)
+            self.assertTrue(0 < e < 8)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), WeekDay)
+            self.assertIsInstance(e, int)
+            self.assertIsInstance(e, Enum)
+
+    def test_intenum_duplicates(self):
+        class WeekDay(IntEnum):
+            SUNDAY = 1
+            MONDAY = 2
+            TUESDAY = TEUSDAY = 3
+            WEDNESDAY = 4
+            THURSDAY = 5
+            FRIDAY = 6
+            SATURDAY = 7
+        self.assertIs(WeekDay.TEUSDAY, WeekDay.TUESDAY)
+        self.assertEqual(WeekDay(3).name, 'TUESDAY')
+        self.assertEqual([k for k,v in WeekDay.__members__.items()
+                if v.name != k], ['TEUSDAY', ])
+
+    def test_pickle_enum(self):
+        if isinstance(Stooges, Exception):
+            raise Stooges
+        self.assertIs(Stooges.CURLY, loads(dumps(Stooges.CURLY)))
+        self.assertIs(Stooges, loads(dumps(Stooges)))
+
+    def test_pickle_int(self):
+        if isinstance(IntStooges, Exception):
+            raise IntStooges
+        self.assertIs(IntStooges.CURLY, loads(dumps(IntStooges.CURLY)))
+        self.assertIs(IntStooges, loads(dumps(IntStooges)))
+
+    def test_pickle_float(self):
+        if isinstance(FloatStooges, Exception):
+            raise FloatStooges
+        self.assertIs(FloatStooges.CURLY, loads(dumps(FloatStooges.CURLY)))
+        self.assertIs(FloatStooges, loads(dumps(FloatStooges)))
+
+    def test_pickle_enum_function(self):
+        if isinstance(Answer, Exception):
+            raise Answer
+        self.assertIs(Answer.him, loads(dumps(Answer.him)))
+        self.assertIs(Answer, loads(dumps(Answer)))
+
+    def test_pickle_enum_function_with_module(self):
+        if isinstance(Question, Exception):
+            raise Question
+        self.assertIs(Question.who, loads(dumps(Question.who)))
+        self.assertIs(Question, loads(dumps(Question)))
+
+    def test_exploding_pickle(self):
+        BadPickle = Enum('BadPickle', 'dill sweet bread-n-butter')
+        BadPickle.__module__ = 'uh uh'
+        BadPickle.__reduce__ = enum.break_noisily_on_pickle
+        globals()['BadPickle'] = BadPickle
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            dumps(BadPickle.dill)
+        with self.assertRaises(PicklingError):
+            dumps(BadPickle)
+
+    def test_string_enum(self):
+        class SkillLevel(str, Enum):
+            master = 'what is the sound of one hand clapping?'
+            journeyman = 'why did the chicken cross the road?'
+            apprentice = 'knock, knock!'
+        self.assertEqual(SkillLevel.apprentice, 'knock, knock!')
+
+    def test_getattr_getitem(self):
+        class Period(Enum):
+            morning = 1
+            noon = 2
+            evening = 3
+            night = 4
+        self.assertIs(Period(2), Period.noon)
+        self.assertIs(getattr(Period, 'night'), Period.night)
+        self.assertIs(Period['morning'], Period.morning)
+
+    def test_getattr_dunder(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertTrue(getattr(Season, '__eq__'))
+
+    def test_iteration_order(self):
+        class Season(Enum):
+            SUMMER = 2
+            WINTER = 4
+            AUTUMN = 3
+            SPRING = 1
+        self.assertEqual(
+                list(Season),
+                [Season.SUMMER, Season.WINTER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.SPRING],
+                )
+
+    def test_programatic_function_string(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august')
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertIn(e, SummerMonth)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_string_list(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', ['june', 'july', 'august'])
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertIn(e, SummerMonth)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_iterable(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum(
+                'SummerMonth',
+                (('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3))
+                )
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertIn(e, SummerMonth)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_from_dict(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum(
+                'SummerMonth',
+                OrderedDict((('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3)))
+                )
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertIn(e, SummerMonth)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_type(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', type=int)
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertIn(e, SummerMonth)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_type_from_subclass(self):
+        SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', 'june july august')
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertIn(e, SummerMonth)
+            self.assertIs(type(e), SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_subclassing(self):
+        if isinstance(Name, Exception):
+            raise Name
+        self.assertEqual(Name.BDFL, 'Guido van Rossum')
+        self.assertTrue(Name.BDFL, Name('Guido van Rossum'))
+        self.assertIs(Name.BDFL, getattr(Name, 'BDFL'))
+        self.assertIs(Name.BDFL, loads(dumps(Name.BDFL)))
+
+    def test_extending(self):
+        class Color(Enum):
+            red = 1
+            green = 2
+            blue = 3
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class MoreColor(Color):
+                cyan = 4
+                magenta = 5
+                yellow = 6
+
+    def test_exclude_methods(self):
+        class whatever(Enum):
+            this = 'that'
+            these = 'those'
+            def really(self):
+                return 'no, not %s' % self.value
+        self.assertIsNot(type(whatever.really), whatever)
+        self.assertEqual(whatever.this.really(), 'no, not that')
+
+    def test_overwrite_enums(self):
+        class Why(Enum):
+            question = 1
+            answer = 2
+            propisition = 3
+            def question(self):
+                print(42)
+        self.assertIsNot(type(Why.question), Why)
+        self.assertNotIn(Why.question, Why._enum_names)
+        self.assertNotIn(Why.question, Why)
+
+    def test_wrong_inheritance_order(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class Wrong(Enum, str):
+                NotHere = 'error before this point'
+
+    def test_wrong_enum_in_call(self):
+        class Monochrome(Enum):
+            black = 0
+            white = 1
+        class Gender(Enum):
+            male = 0
+            female = 1
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male)
+
+    def test_wrong_enum_in_mixed_call(self):
+        class Monochrome(IntEnum):
+            black = 0
+            white = 1
+        class Gender(Enum):
+            male = 0
+            female = 1
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male)
+
+    def test_mixed_enum_in_call_1(self):
+        class Monochrome(IntEnum):
+            black = 0
+            white = 1
+        class Gender(IntEnum):
+            male = 0
+            female = 1
+        self.assertIs(Monochrome(Gender.female), Monochrome.white)
+
+    def test_mixed_enum_in_call_2(self):
+        class Monochrome(Enum):
+            black = 0
+            white = 1
+        class Gender(IntEnum):
+            male = 0
+            female = 1
+        self.assertIs(Monochrome(Gender.male), Monochrome.black)
+
+    def test_flufl_enum(self):
+        class Fluflnum(Enum):
+            def __int__(self):
+                return int(self.value)
+        class MailManOptions(Fluflnum):
+            option1 = 1
+            option2 = 2
+            option3 = 3
+        self.assertEqual(int(MailManOptions.option1), 1)
+
+    def test_no_such_enum_member(self):
+        class Color(Enum):
+            red = 1
+            green = 2
+            blue = 3
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Color(4)
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            Color['chartreuse']
+
+    def test_new_repr(self):
+        class Color(Enum):
+            red = 1
+            green = 2
+            blue = 3
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "don't you just love shades of %s?" % self.name
+        self.assertEqual(
+                repr(Color.blue),
+                "don't you just love shades of blue?",
+                )
+
+    def test_inherited_repr(self):
+        class MyEnum(Enum):
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "My name is %s." % self.name
+        class MyIntEnum(int, MyEnum):
+            this = 1
+            that = 2
+            theother = 3
+        self.assertEqual(repr(MyIntEnum.that), "My name is that.")
+
+    def test_multiple_mixin_mro(self):
+        class auto_enum(type(Enum)):
+            def __new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict):
+                temp = type(classdict)()
+                names = set(classdict._enum_names)
+                i = 0
+                for k in classdict._enum_names:
+                    v = classdict[k]
+                    if v is Ellipsis:
+                        v = i
+                    else:
+                        i = v
+                    i += 1
+                    temp[k] = v
+                for k, v in classdict.items():
+                    if k not in names:
+                        temp[k] = v
+                return super(auto_enum, metacls).__new__(
+                        metacls, cls, bases, temp)
+
+        class AutoNumberedEnum(Enum, metaclass=auto_enum):
+            pass
+
+        class AutoIntEnum(IntEnum, metaclass=auto_enum):
+            pass
+
+        class TestAutoNumber(AutoNumberedEnum):
+            a = ...
+            b = 3
+            c = ...
+
+        class TestAutoInt(AutoIntEnum):
+            a = ...
+            b = 3
+            c = ...
+
+    def test_subclasses_with_getnewargs(self):
+        class NamedInt(int):
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                _args = args
+                name, *args = args
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                self._intname = name
+                self._args = _args
+                return self
+            def __getnewargs__(self):
+                return self._args
+            @property
+            def __name__(self):
+                return self._intname
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(type(self).__name__,
+                                             self.__name__,
+                                             int.__repr__(self))
+            def __str__(self):
+                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                base = int
+                base_str = base.__str__
+                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                    return base.__repr__(self)
+                return base_str(self)
+            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+            # propagates expressions
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                    return NamedInt(
+                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                        temp )
+                else:
+                    return temp
+
+        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+            x = ('the-x', 1)
+            y = ('the-y', 2)
+
+        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(loads(dumps(NI5)), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+        self.assertIs(loads(dumps(NEI.y)), NEI.y)
+
+    def test_subclasses_without_getnewargs(self):
+        class NamedInt(int):
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                _args = args
+                name, *args = args
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                self._intname = name
+                self._args = _args
+                return self
+            @property
+            def __name__(self):
+                return self._intname
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(type(self).__name__,
+                                             self.__name__,
+                                             int.__repr__(self))
+            def __str__(self):
+                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                base = int
+                base_str = base.__str__
+                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                    return base.__repr__(self)
+                return base_str(self)
+            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+            # propagates expressions
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                    return NamedInt(
+                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                        temp )
+                else:
+                    return temp
+
+        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+            x = ('the-x', 1)
+            y = ('the-y', 2)
+
+        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            dumps(NEI.x)
+        with self.assertRaises(PicklingError):
+            dumps(NEI)
+
+    def test_tuple_subclass(self):
+        class SomeTuple(tuple, Enum):
+            first = (1, 'for the money')
+            second = (2, 'for the show')
+            third = (3, 'for the music')
+        self.assertIs(type(SomeTuple.first), SomeTuple)
+        self.assertIsInstance(SomeTuple.second, tuple)
+        self.assertEqual(SomeTuple.third, (3, 'for the music'))
+        globals()['SomeTuple'] = SomeTuple
+        self.assertIs(loads(dumps(SomeTuple.first)), SomeTuple.first)
+
+    def test_duplicate_values_give_unique_enum_items(self):
+        class AutoNumber(Enum):
+            first = ()
+            second = ()
+            third = ()
+            def __new__(cls):
+                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
+                obj = object.__new__(cls)
+                obj._value = value
+                return obj
+            def __int__(self):
+                return int(self._value)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                list(AutoNumber),
+                [AutoNumber.first, AutoNumber.second, AutoNumber.third],
+                )
+        self.assertEqual(int(AutoNumber.second), 2)
+        self.assertIs(AutoNumber(1), AutoNumber.first)
+
+    def test_inherited_new_from_enhanced_enum(self):
+        class AutoNumber(Enum):
+            def __new__(cls):
+                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
+                obj = object.__new__(cls)
+                obj._value = value
+                return obj
+            def __int__(self):
+                return int(self._value)
+        class Color(AutoNumber):
+            red = ()
+            green = ()
+            blue = ()
+        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue])
+        self.assertEqual(list(map(int, Color)), [1, 2, 3])
+
+    def test_inherited_new_from_mixed_enum(self):
+        class AutoNumber(IntEnum):
+            def __new__(cls):
+                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
+                obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
+                obj._value = value
+                return obj
+        class Color(AutoNumber):
+            red = ()
+            green = ()
+            blue = ()
+        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue])
+        self.assertEqual(list(map(int, Color)), [1, 2, 3])
+
+    def test_ordered_mixin(self):
+        class OrderedEnum(Enum):
+            def __ge__(self, other):
+                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
+                    return self._value >= other._value
+                return NotImplemented
+            def __gt__(self, other):
+                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
+                    return self._value > other._value
+                return NotImplemented
+            def __le__(self, other):
+                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
+                    return self._value <= other._value
+                return NotImplemented
+            def __lt__(self, other):
+                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
+                    return self._value < other._value
+                return NotImplemented
+        class Grade(OrderedEnum):
+            A = 5
+            B = 4
+            C = 3
+            D = 2
+            F = 1
+        self.assertGreater(Grade.A, Grade.B)
+        self.assertLessEqual(Grade.F, Grade.C)
+        self.assertLess(Grade.D, Grade.A)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(Grade.B, Grade.B)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()