Python 2.7.3
getdefaultencoding: ascii
getfilesystemencoding: mbcs
getpreferredencoding(False): cp1252
getpreferredencoding(True): cp1252
----- os.listdir(b'.')
4
['English name', 'test.py', 'tests.py', '??????? ???']
----- os.listdir(u'.')
4
[u'English name', u'test.py', u'tests.py', u'\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f']
----- os.stat(b'╨á╤â╤ü╤ü╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨╕╨╝╤Å')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "tests.py", line 32, in <module>
    print(os.stat(b'╨á╤â╤ü╤ü╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨╕╨╝╤Å'))
WindowsError: [Error 2] The system cannot find the file specified: '\xd0\xa0\xd1\x83\xd1\x81\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xbe\xd0\xb5 \x0\xb8\xd0\xbc\xd1\x8f'
----- os.stat(u'╨á╤â╤ü╤ü╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨╕╨╝╤Å')
nt.stat_result(st_mode=16895, st_ino=0L, st_dev=0, st_nlink=0, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=0L, st_atime=1355309608L, st_mtime=155309608L, st_ctime=1355309608L)