import zlib data = zlib.compress(b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz') d = zlib.decompressobj() d.decompress(data, 1) del data data = zlib.compress(b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ') # Should be a prefix of b'bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz', # but I get b'bcDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' instead: print(repr(d.flush()))