diff --git a/Lib/packaging/tests/test_command_build_ext.py b/Lib/packaging/tests/test_command_build_ext.py
--- a/Lib/packaging/tests/test_command_build_ext.py
+++ b/Lib/packaging/tests/test_command_build_ext.py
@@ -365,6 +365,58 @@ class BuildExtTestCase(support.TempdirMa
         wanted = os.path.join(curdir, 'twisted', 'runner', 'portmap' + ext)
         self.assertEqual(wanted, path)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'darwin',
+                         'test only relevant for Mac OS X')
+    def test_deployment_target(self):
+        self._try_compile_deployment_target()
+        os.environ = os.environ.copy()
+        os.environ['MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET'] = '10.1'
+        deptarget_c = os.path.join(self.tmp_dir, 'deptargetmodule.c')
+
+        with open(deptarget_c, 'w') as fp:
+            fp.write(textwrap.dedent('''\
+                #include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
+
+                int dummy;
+
+                #if TARGET != MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED
+                #error "Unexpected target"
+                #endif
+
+            '''))
+
+        target = sysconfig.get_config_var('MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET')
+        target = tuple(map(int, target.split('.')))
+        target = '%02d%01d0' % target
+
+        deptarget_ext = Extension(
+            'deptarget',
+            [deptarget_c],
+            extra_compile_args=['-DTARGET=%s' % (target,)],
+        )
+        dist = Distribution({
+            'name': 'deptarget',
+            'ext_modules': [deptarget_ext],
+        })
+        dist.package_dir = self.tmp_dir
+        cmd = build_ext(dist)
+        cmd.build_lib = self.tmp_dir
+        cmd.build_temp = self.tmp_dir
+
+        try:
+            old_stdout = sys.stdout
+            if not support.verbose:
+                # silence compiler output
+                sys.stdout = StringIO()
+            try:
+                cmd.ensure_finalized()
+                cmd.run()
+            finally:
+                sys.stdout = old_stdout
+
+        except CompileError:
+            self.fail("Wrong deployment target during compilation")
+
 
 def test_suite():
     src = _get_source_filename()